{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:50:26Z","timestamp":1785927026847,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Pseudomonas fulva<\/jats:italic>\n is a non-fermentative bacterium with both environmental adaptability and pathogenic potential that has been increasingly detected in clinical infections in recent years. This study reports the first clinical\n P. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n (PF1) isolate carrying\n tmexCD3-toprJ3<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-45<\/jats:sub>\n resistance genes, which was recovered from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Species identification was performed using whole-genome sequencing and average nucleotide identity analysis, with phylogenetic placement determined by 16S rRNA. Genomic analysis identified resistance genes and plasmid structures, while plasmid transferability was assessed experimentally. Biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and virulence were evaluated using crystal violet staining, stress assays, and the\n Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n PF1 exhibited resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and an elevated tigecycline MIC of 256 mg\/mL, while remaining susceptible to polymyxins. The strain harbors a 449-kb transferable megaplasmid (pPF1), containing resistance genes\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP-45<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA-1<\/jats:sub>\n , and a mutated\n tmexCD3-toprJ3<\/jats:italic>\n efflux pump(T1827G and T1830C). Phylogenetic analysis showed &gt;99% genomic similarity to clinical isolates from eastern China. PF1 demonstrated strong biofilm formation (OD620 = 3.73 \u00b1 0.14), stress tolerance, and moderate virulence in\n Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n \n This study reveals the potential of\n P. fulva<\/jats:italic>\n to acquire multidrug resistance and adapt to clinical environments, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance of resistance genes in atypical\n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1722020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:37:04Z","timestamp":1771223824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emergence of a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas fulva clinical isolate co-harboring tmexCD3\u2013toprJ3, blaOXA-1, and blaIMP-45 on a transferable megaplasmid"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ziheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enze","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University","place":["Hefei, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College","place":["Wuhu, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01849-09","article-title":"First case of human infection due to Pseudomonas fulva, an environmental bacterium isolated from cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"48","author":"Almuzara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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