{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:38:16Z","timestamp":1784907496935,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intensive care unit (ICU) relocation provides a unique opportunity to assess the impact of environmental renewal on the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This study aimed to utilize whole-genome sequencing (WGS) combined with epidemiological data to trace changes in the infection rate and transmission routes of carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) during ICU relocation, and to evaluate the concurrent implementation of infection control measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical and environmental samples were prospectively collected from a tertiary care hospital in China across three phases: pre-relocation, post-relocation, and post-intervention. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the VITEK-2 system. WGS was performed on all isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and potential transmission chains were inferred. Infection prevention and control indicators for MDROs were also monitored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 11 CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were collected, comprising 10 from patient clinical samples and one from the surface of a disinfected mattress. All isolates demonstrated highly similar antimicrobial resistance profiles and carried a core set of resistance genes, including\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      OXA-23,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      OXA-66,\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADC-73, ant (3'')-IIa,\n                      <jats:italic>adeB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>adeG<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>adeJ<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with some also harboring\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      TEM-1. All CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates as sequence type 2 (ST2). Core-genome SNP phylogenetic analysis clustered the 11 isolates into two clades: Clade 1 contained three isolates, and Clade 2 contained eight isolates. This clustering was consistent with the distribution of resistance genes, and two possible transmission chains were constructed. Over the three-month period surrounding the ICU relocation, the CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rate exhibited a decreasing trend, hand hygiene compliance improved gradually, and adherence to MDRO isolation protocols increased significantly following interventions by the infection control department (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although ICU relocation contributed to a reduction in CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection rates through environmental renewal, it did not completely interrupt transmission. WGS analysis integrated with epidemiological data suggested that environmental contamination and patient carriage likely played critical roles in CR\n                      <jats:italic>Ab<\/jats:italic>\n                      transmission. Enhanced environmental cleaning and disinfection, improved hand hygiene compliance, and strict isolation of infected patients are crucial for the effective control of MDRO spread.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1729472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:37:39Z","timestamp":1773643059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of intensive care unit relocation on the transmission dynamics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a genetic epidemiology study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qiannan","family":"E","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Management","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100896","article-title":"Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2 in Oceania: a multicountry cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Baleivanualala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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