{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:19:29Z","timestamp":1791335969326,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Breast cancer is a complex pathological process involving multiple factors and stages, characterized by pronounced molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity. Its global incidence and mortality rates have shown a continuous upward trend. With the advancement of microbiome research, microbial communities have been recognized as key determinants influencing host health and disease states. Increasing evidence suggests a close association between breast tissue\u2013resident and systemic microbiota and the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Specifically, microorganisms may be associated with abnormal proliferation and malignant transformation of mammary epithelial cells through diverse mechanisms, including the modulation of estrogen metabolism, production of bioactive metabolites, induction of chronic inflammation, and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, certain microbes may directly interact with host cells, potentially inducing DNA damage and contributing to the transition from normal to malignant phenotypes. This review systematically summarizes the origins and compositional characteristics of the breast microbiota, with a particular focus on current evidence regarding its roles in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, therapeutic response, and prognosis. Currently, the majority of evidence originates from cross-sectional studies and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    model, to better evaluate the current evidence, the limitations of different research designs and the levels of evidence are summarized in\n                    <jats:xref>\n                      <jats:bold>Table\u00a01<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:xref>\n                    , aiming to provide new theoretical insights and research perspectives for microbiota-based strategies in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1738739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:46:52Z","timestamp":1779943612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The dialogue between breast cancer and microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinde","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University","place":["Chongqing, China"]},{"name":"Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongging Academy of Medical Sciences, Chongqing General Hospital","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10741-w","article-title":"The role of Lactobacillus strain probiotics in breast cancer: strain-specific mechanisms and therapeutic potential beyond probiotics","volume":"18","author":"Abolhassani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. 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