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Through its interactions with host immunity, bacterial metabolites, and genetic components, the intestinal microbiome plays a crucial role in initiating and advancing IBD. Treatment for IBD includes not only corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, antibiotics, TNF-\u03b1, \u03b14\u03b27 integrins, IL-12\/23 antibodies, and small molecule antibodies, but also complementary and alternative medical therapies such as probiotics and prebiotics. This review primarily explores the relationship between dysbiosis of the microbiota and IBD, including the immune system, metabolites, and genetics related to microorganisms, to provide a deeper and more systematic understanding of the mechanisms linking microbial imbalance to IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1745929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T05:19:03Z","timestamp":1771219143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inflammatory bowel disease through the lens of microbe-host interactions: immunomodulation, metabolic effects, and genetic susceptibility in microbiota dysbiosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wumiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingcheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiulong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yuebei People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Shaoguan, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University","place":["Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2554","article-title":"Regulatory T cells: recommendations to simplify the nomenclature","volume":"14","author":"Abbas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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