{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:08:08Z","timestamp":1784092088598,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)-based biological extracts treatment for patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of TCM-based biological extracts in treating OLP. A network meta-analysis was then performed on the eligible trials, and the TCM-based biological extracts were ranked based on their effectiveness in OLP treatment using the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Direct comparisons showed that TCM-based biological extracts treatment significantly reduced visual analog scale (VAS) scores in OLP patients with an\n                      <jats:italic>MD<\/jats:italic>\n                      of -0.86 (95% CI: -1.36 to -0.37,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.01). Network meta-analysis shows chamomile, curcumin, echinacea, and honey were effective in reducing clinical scores. Meanwhile, chamomile, echinacea, and honey were significant in reducing VAS scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides strong evidence for the efficacy of TCM-based biological extracts in the treatment of OLP through network meta-analysis, and in particular, TCM-based biological extracts such as echinacea and honey demonstrated significant advantages in relieving pain and improving clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1746366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:47:04Z","timestamp":1784090824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of traditional Chinese Medicine-based biological extracts in the treatment of oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lekai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, YiYang Central Hospital","place":["YiYang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, YiYang Central Hospital","place":["YiYang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, YiYang Central Hospital","place":["YiYang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caohui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, YiYang Central Hospital","place":["YiYang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, YiYang Central Hospital","place":["YiYang, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University","place":["Changsha, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2015.005","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled double blind clinical trial of quercetin for treatment of oral lichen planus","volume":"9","author":"Amirchaghmaghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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