{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:36:27Z","timestamp":1776926187606,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P01AI089473-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P01AI089473-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK135054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK135054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P42ES030991-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P42ES030991-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the relationship between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and gut microbiota composition during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In an ongoing birth cohort study, the Fitbit Charge wearable activity monitor was used to objectively measure PA during pregnancy. To profile the composition of gut bacterial microbiota, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on a third trimester stool sample. Differences in alpha diversity metrics (richness, Pielou\u2019s evenness, and Faith\u2019s phylogenetic diversity) by PA were determined using linear regression, whereas beta diversity (unweighted and weighted UniFrac, Canberra, and Bray-Curtis) relationships were assessed using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Differential abundance testing at both the amplicon sequence variants and genus level was conducted using Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction 2; tests were corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) and considered significant if p\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analytic sample included 68 pregnant women with both PA and 16S rRNA sequencing data (median age [quartile 1; quartile 3] = 30.7 [26.6; 33.3] years; 56% Black). Women typically took around 5000 steps per day (second trimester median = 5486; third trimester median = 5074) and the majority of activity minutes were classified as sedentary (second trimester median = 77%; third trimester median = 78%). None of the PA variables during the second or third trimester were associated with gut microbiota richness, evenness, or diversity. After covariate adjustment, the proportion sedentary during the second (Weighted UniFrac p = 0.035, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.038) and third (Bray-Curtis p = 0.034, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.025) trimesters were significantly associated with stool microbiota composition. Additionally, the proportion \u201cfairly\u201d or \u201cvery active\u201d during the third trimester was significantly associated with stool microbiota composition (PERMANOVA; Bray-Curtis p = 0.047, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.025). These compositional differences were partly characterized by significantly lower abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pasteurellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ASVs and higher abundances of\n                      <jats:italic>Acidaminococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Finegoldia<\/jats:italic>\n                      in pregnant women with higher second and third trimester sedentary time (p\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.05). Two specific 16S rRNA sequence variants (ASV_84 [\n                      <jats:italic>Acidaminococcus intestine<\/jats:italic>\n                      ] and ASV_134 [\n                      <jats:italic>Oscillospirales<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.]) were also positively associated with sedentary behavior. No significant microbial changes were observed with the proportion of time spent \u201cfairly\u201d or \u201cvery active\u201d during the third trimester.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight sedentary behavior as a potential modifiable factor related with maternal gut microbiota composition during pregnancy. This study forms the basis for future studies on the impact of sedentary time on gut microbiota during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1747305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:37:15Z","timestamp":1776922635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between objectively measured physical activity and maternal stool microbiota during pregnancy: results from a preliminary investigation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Santarossa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health","place":["Detroit, MI, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University","place":["East Lansing, MI, United States"]},{"name":"Henry Ford 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