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Key findings highlight fatigue (25\u201373%), cognitive dysfunction, respiratory symptoms (dyspnea: 6.9\u201347%), cardiovascular symptoms (49.37\/1,000), and reproductive symptoms (menstrual irregularities, erectile dysfunction) as predominant manifestations. Mechanistic insights include viral persistence, immune dysregulation, and endothelial dysfunction. The review gives detailed information about prevalence and immunological studies carried out in Saudi Arabia on Long COVID and underscores the importance of longitudinal immune studies, multidisciplinary approaches, biobanks, and global collaborations to improve patient outcomes. Recommendations emphasize tailored therapies, psychological support, and large-scale cohort studies to address heterogeneity and optimize care for Long COVID patients in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1747443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:46:08Z","timestamp":1778564768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symptoms, mechanisms, and management of long COVID: understanding its prevalence, characteristics, and healthcare challenges in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Albelasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University","place":["Shaqra, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003066","article-title":"A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines","volume":"87","author":"Abbas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. 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