{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:11:05Z","timestamp":1793121065689,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      has emerged as a major opportunistic pathogen, with rising antimicrobial resistance representing a critical public health concern. This study investigated the genomic characteristics, transmission dynamics, and evolutionary relationships of CRKP isolates from Gansu Province, China, to inform regional prevention strategies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty CRKP isolates collected from two tertiary hospitals (2023-2025) were tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Genome assembly and annotation employed standard pipelines, followed by multilocus sequence typing, capsular typing, phylogenetic reconstruction, pan-genome, and mobile genetic element analyses. Comparative genomic and statistical analyses were performed with publicly available data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most isolates originated from sputum (40%) and blood (23.3%) and were resistant to over 90% of \u03b2-lactam and carbapenem agents. Their genomes (5.2-5.8 Mb) contained on average 5,596 coding sequences. ST11 predominated (88.46%), mainly associated with KL25 (64.29%) and KL64 (17.86%) capsule types. The plasmid-borne\n                      <jats:italic>blaKPC-2<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene occurred in 79.31% of isolates, while virulence factors (rmpA, rmpA2, iuc) were enriched in ST11-KL25\/KL64 lineages (p&amp;lt;0.05). Phylogenomic analysis showed limited genetic diversity (median SNP\u00a0=\u00a0103.5), consistent with clonal spread and potential hospital transmission. Pan-genome comparisons revealed that ST11-KL25 and ST11-KL64 strains shared a conserved core genome but overlapped with non-ST11 strains by only 6.28%, highlighting substantial genomic flexibility across capsule types.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ST11-KL25 CRKP lineage shows enhanced adaptation and may become or is becoming the dominant clone in Gansu. These results highlight the necessity for continuous, longitudinal genomic surveillance to curb the spread of highly resistant\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1749978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:23:24Z","timestamp":1775107404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Whole-genome sequencing reveals the genomic characterization and evolution of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gansu, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine Testing Center, The People\u2019s Hospital of Qingyang City\/Qingyang Hospital of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Qingyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, The People\u2019s Hospital of Qingyang City\/Qingyang Hospital of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Qingyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People\u2019s Hospital of Qingyang City\/Qingyang Hospital of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University","place":["Qingyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingyang Second People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Qingyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Childcare Hospital (Gansu Province Central Hospital)","place":["Lanzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W16","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw387","article-title":"PHASTER: a better, faster version of the PHAST phage search tool","volume":"44","author":"Arndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.2.573","article-title":"Tandem repeats finder: a program to analyze DNA sequences","volume":"27","author":"Benson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty095","article-title":"Improved genomic island predictions with IslandPath-DIMOB","volume":"34","author":"Bertelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.12.2607","article-title":"GeneMarkS: a self-training method for prediction of gene starts in microbial genomes. 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