{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:06:19Z","timestamp":1773198379588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infections caused by clinical carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRAB) are associated with an increased risk of mortality and present a significant challenge for hospitals worldwide. This study aims to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics, drug resistance traits, and virulence features of CRAB isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at a hospital in Ningxia, China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We collected clinical characteristic data of patients with isolated strains and conducted statistical analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the VITEK-2 compact system. Carbapenemase and virulence genes were examined through PCR and Sanger sequencing. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed according to the Oxford MLST scheme by comparing the obtained sequences with known allele sequences available on the MLST website (\n                      <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/pubmlst.org\/abaumannii\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ). The virulence of CRAB was assessed using the\n                      <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicated that all tested CRAB strains carried the\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-23<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-51<\/jats:sub>\n                      genes, exhibiting multidrug resistance characteristics while remaining sensitive to polymyxins. MLST typing revealed that ST195 and ST369 strains were the most prevalent, with several other types identified, including ST208, ST136, ST469, ST368, and a rare ST1779. Notably, 94.2% of CRAB belonged to Global clone 2. Significant clinical differences were observed between ST195 and non-ST195 infection cases. Virulence assessment results indicated that 71 strains (58.6%) exhibited high virulence characteristics. Additionally, virulence factors such as\n                      <jats:italic>ompA, adeH, pgaA, abal, BasJ<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>plcD<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in all tested strains, confirming an evolutionary trend towards high virulence in CRAB, which poses a serious threat to clinical treatment and patient prognosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence of highly virulent multidrug-resistant CRAB strains in the Ningxia region has increased a clinical burden, highlighting the importance of clinical surveillance and diagnosis of these strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1752819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T06:41:19Z","timestamp":1773124879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a tertiary hospital in Ningxia, China"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, People\u2019s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Continuing Education College, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]},{"name":"Center of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University","place":["Yinchuan, Ningxia, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.21","article-title":"Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: laboratory challenges, mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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