{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:41:30Z","timestamp":1789670490623,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonization is an important prerequisite to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) caused by CRE and increased mortality. This study assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, CRE colonization among children admitted to a provincial pediatric hospital in a high\u2013antimicrobial-resistance setting in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A point prevalence survey was conducted on 15 August 2022 at a provincial pediatric hospital in the Red River Delta. Rectal swabs were collected from 376 hospitalized children after informed consent. Samples were inoculated on chromogenic selective agar for CRE detection, and bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      2 system. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from structured questionnaires and medical records. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with CRE colonization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CRE colonization was detected in 28.2% of hospitalized children. Colonization was more common among patients screened &amp;gt;48 hours after admission (30.8%) and hospitalization &amp;gt;48 hours was associated with a 2.27-fold increased risk of colonization (p = 0.026) compared with screening earlier. Prevalence increased with length of stay, reaching 40.8% among those hospitalized \u22657 days. Children \u22646 years had a colonization rate of 29.7%. The highest ward-level prevalence occurred in the Intensive Care Unit (77.8%), whereas the lowest rates were observed in trauma and nutrition wards (9.5%).\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (40.6%),\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (34.4%), and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (16.4%) were the predominant CRE species. Most isolates were resistant to 4\u201310 antimicrobial classes. CRE colonization was also significantly associated with sepsis at the time of assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRE colonization was highly prevalent among pediatric inpatients in this provincial Vietnamese hospital, particularly among young children, those hospitalized for prolonged periods, and patients in intensive care or neonatal units. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies and to implement targeted screening approaches to assess the effect on CRE transmission of improvement of IPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1770367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:42:20Z","timestamp":1771569740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonization in hospitalized children in a provincial hospital in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Van Anh Thi","family":"Dinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control, Vietnam National Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhung Nguyen Thi","family":"Trang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Training and Research Institute of Child Health","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Hanoi University of Public Health","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Duc","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Training and Research Institute of Child Health","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Hoang Thi","family":"Bich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dien M.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam National Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Vietnam National University","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pham Duc","family":"Phuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanoi University of Public Health","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Son Luong","family":"Duc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Binh Paediatric Hospital","place":["H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Manh","family":"Dung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Binh Paediatric Hospital","place":["H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavie","family":"Goutard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)","place":["Montpellier, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumalaisamy P.","family":"Velavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum T\u00fcbingen","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]},{"name":"Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE)","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University","place":["Da Nang, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Nurjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnamese German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE)","place":["Hanoi, Vietnam"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of L\u00fcbeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","place":["L\u00fcbeck, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaovi M. 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