{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:23:33Z","timestamp":1790803413687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retained metallic foreign bodies can lead to implant-associated wound infections through bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. We report a case of a wound infection associated with a retained metallic fragment caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus arlettae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>S. arlettae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and evaluate the organism\u2019s early biofilm formation on common implant metals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 33-year-old man sustained a crush injury to his right hand and forearm, resulting in extensive soft-tissue damage and vascular injury. Emergency surgical management included meticulous debridement and vascular reconstruction. Postoperatively, purulent wound infection was effectively managed following microbiological identification of\n                      <jats:italic>S. arlettae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and antibiotic susceptibility-guided therapy. The treatment regimen involved serial debridement along with stepwise adjustments in antimicrobial dosing. Follow-up revealed that the patient\u2019s hand function had recovered well.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays were conducted to compare early bacterial attachment and biofilm formation of the clinical\n                      <jats:italic>S. arlettae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate on stainless steel 304 (SS304), stainless steel 316 (SS316), and titanium alloy (TC4). The results revealed material-dependent differences in initial adherence as well as early biofilm development, establishing a link between implant surface properties and bacterial colonization propensity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This case underscores the clinical significance of retained metallic fragments as potential foci for\n                      <jats:italic>S. arlettae<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection, emphasizing the necessity for prompt debridement, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and consideration of implant material properties.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      evidence demonstrating differential biofilm behavior on SS304, SS316, and TC4 has important implications for surgical decision-making, selection of implants, management of wounds, and prophylactic antibiotic strategies aimed at mitigating implant-associated infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1780396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:56:02Z","timestamp":1772693762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wound infection caused by Staphylococcus arlettae: a case report and metal characterization"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanling","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiankun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianglong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1532-3","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from deep surgical site infections in orthopaedic patients","volume":"31","author":"Aamot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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