{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:30:42Z","timestamp":1786595442323,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity over time, poses a significant health burden among older adults. A growing body of evidence indicates that the gut microbiota contributes to inflammation and metabolic regulation, mitochondrial function, and anabolic signaling, thereby shaping the gut\u2013muscle axis. Probiotic supplementation has gained traction as a nutritional approach for the regulation of microbiome-derived metabolites. The present study aims to assess the rationale for probiotic supplementation to prevent and manage sarcopenia in older individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from NHANES (2011\u20132018; n = 3,500), UK Biobank (n = 5,000), and GMrepo (n = 800), we examined associations between probiotic exposure and muscle outcomes, inflammation, and microbiome diversity. C2C12 myotubes were used in vitro under probiotic-conditioned media (PCM). The interactions of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with the regulatory proteins (mTOR, AMPK, NF-\u03baB) were evaluated using molecular docking simulations. Random Forest and XGBoost models were used to predict sarcopenia risk using integrated multimodal features, with a 70% training and 30% validation split.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probiotic users exhibited greater handgrip strength (UK Biobank: 27.2 \u00b1 4.8 kg vs. 25.1 \u00b1 5.2 kg), higher fat-free mass (57.4 \u00b1 10.6 kg vs. 56.2 \u00b1 11.0 kg), and lower inflammatory burden compared to non-users. PCM increased fusion index (85.6 \u00b1 2.3% vs. 78.9 \u00b1 3.2%, p &amp;lt; 0.01), myotube diameter (45.2 \u00b1 6.3 \u03bcm vs. 40.1 \u00b1 5.7 \u03bcm, p &amp;lt; 0.05), and MyoD (2.1-fold), Myogenin (1.8-fold), and MyHC (2.2-fold). NF-\u03baB and TNF-\u03b1 were decreased (~0.60-fold and 0.65-fold, respectively), and PGC-1\u03b1 was increased (1.9-fold). Butyrate docking revealed high binding affinity for AMPK (\u22126.9 kcal\/mol), mTOR (\u22126.4 kcal\/mol), and NF-\u03baB (\u22126.0 kcal\/mol). The performance metrics achieved highly in XGBoost with 88% accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive framework positions probiotics as a precision nutrition intervention for sarcopenia prevention, targeting muscle-sparing effects through microbiome modulation that stimulates coordinated immunometabolic and anabolic actions, with AI-enhanced, individualized risk prediction for healthy aging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1801885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:24:07Z","timestamp":1786595047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Probiotic supplementation as a nutritional strategy for the prevention and management of sarcopenia in older adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"De\u2019en","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University","place":["Huaian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00572-w","article-title":"Metabolites as signalling molecules","volume":"24","author":"Baker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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