{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:34:35Z","timestamp":1774596875665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (CDI) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) during biologic therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients diagnosed with UC who received Infliximab (IFX) or Vedolizumab (VDZ) were enrolled. Their clinical characteristics and risk factors for CDI were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 110 UC patients treated with IFX (61 cases) or VDZ (49 cases) were included. The overall positive rate of\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was 28.2%. Positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA, a modified Mayo score \u226511 points, and a history of glucocorticoids use within 2 months before admission were independent risk factors for CDI in UC patients receiving IFX\/VDZ therapy. The incidence of CDI was the highest within 0\u20133 months after IFX\/VDZ treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive EBV-DNA, a modified Mayo score \u226511 points, and a history of glucocorticoids use within 2 months before admission were independent risk factors for CDI in UC patients during IFX\/VDZ therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1803104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:37:07Z","timestamp":1774593427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and risk factors analysis of Clostridioides difficile infection in ulcerative colitis patients during biologic therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University","place":["Shenyang, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University","place":["Shenyang, Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000001251","article-title":"Lasting impact of Clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory lasting impact of Clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A propensity score matched analysis","volume":"23","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy143","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Balram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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