{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T12:59:05Z","timestamp":1792414745784,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes-related foot infections (DRFIs) are a major cause of hospitalisation and carry a significantly increased risk of lower extremity amputation. To date there is a lack of longitudinal studies examining within-patient microbiome dynamics during the transition from non-infected to infected diabetes-related foot ulcers (DRFUs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to longitudinally profile the wound microbiome of 6 patients with DRFUs who developed clinical infections, utilising taxonomic profiling, metagenome assembly and binning and strain level analysis to characterise within-patient microbial shifts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DRFUs with no signs of clinical infection were colonised by virulent pathogens including\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In most patients, infection onset was associated with a decrease in pathogen abundance and a significant increase in obligate anaerobes including\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp,\n                      <jats:italic>Peptoniphilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp,\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaerococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the potential importance of anaerobes and hypoxia in DRFIs and may support monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation as a predictor of infection onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1812721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:28:07Z","timestamp":1780374487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anaerobe-associated microbial shifts at infection onset in diabetes-related foot ulcers revealed by longitudinal metagenomics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Radzieta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Schwarzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District","place":["Liverpool, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Bergamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District","place":["Liverpool, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Whitely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitely Corporation","place":["Tomago, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slade","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]},{"name":"Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0307195","article-title":"Hypoxia causes an increase in phagocytosis by macrophages in a HIF-1alpha-dependent manner","volume":"82","author":"Anand","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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