{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:07:53Z","timestamp":1787933273698,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024579","name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n, Creaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by the Gram-positive intracellular bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , remains a major challenge for salmon aquaculture, particularly in Chile, where the lack of an effective vaccine has led to sustained antibiotic use. In this study, we applied an integrative\n                    <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    approach combining comparative genomics, reverse vaccinology, immunoinformatics, structural modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics to design a multiantigenic and multiepitope chimeric protein as a vaccine candidate. Comparative analysis of three genomes revealed a highly conserved proteome, supporting the identification of shared immunogenic targets. From proteins associated with virulence, secretion systems, iron acquisition, chaperones, ribosomal functions, magnesium transport, and carbohydrate uptake, 17 proteins were selected after antigenicity and localization screening. Epitope prediction initially identified 154 candidates; after filtering for antigenicity, toxicity, and host homology, 60 epitopes grouped into 26 antigenic regions derived from 15 proteins were retained. Structural models were evaluated using QMEAN and Ramachandran analysis, and docking against Atlantic salmon MHC class I and II alleles identified the best candidates, with HADDOCK scores ranging from \u221271.2 to \u2212154.6 (MHC I) and \u2212116.5 to \u2212152.0 (MHC II). Twelve antigenic regions were assembled into a 439-amino-acid chimeric protein using GSGSGS linkers. The construct showed a predicted molecular weight of 43.7 kDa, pI of 9.56, aliphatic index of 87.97, moderate solubility (0.43), and no predicted toxicity. Molecular dynamics (100 ns) supported structural stability, with RMSD convergence at ~85 ns. Surface analysis identified exposed antigenic regions mainly from DnaK, HmuU, Tpl, and DacB. This approach enabled the rational design of a structurally stable and immunologically promising candidate, providing a basis for future experimental validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1814020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:36:59Z","timestamp":1780637819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In silico design of a multiantigenic and multiepitope chimeric protein as a vaccine candidate against Renibacterium salmoninarum"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Araneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica e Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricio A.","family":"Flores-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica e Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]},{"name":"Centro GEMA- Gen\u00f3mica, Ecolog\u00eda y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldo","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Well-Being (CID3B), Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio H.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica e Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando A.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Gen\u00e9tica e Inmunolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","place":["Valpara\u00edso, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0409-2","article-title":"Plasmid-related quinolone resistance determinants in epidemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, uropathogenic Escherichia coli, and marine bacteria from an aquaculture area in Chile","volume":"68","author":"Aedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb. 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