{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1780290088266,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the differences in periodontal status\u2014Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP); oral inflammatory biomarkers\u2014Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-\u03b1), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1\u03b2), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); and the relative expression of red complex bacteria\u2014\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      ),\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Td<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and\n                      <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Tf<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) among groups with periodontitis and periodontitis accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis (RA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional preliminary study by exploring periodontal clinical parameters, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory biomarker levels, and subgingival plaque relative expression of red complex bacteria. A total of 21 subjects, samples were taken one-time from patients with periodontitis (n=12) and periodontitis with RA (n=9). Biomarker levels were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and bacterial expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All periodontal parameters, GCF biomarkers, and bacterial expression were then analyzed accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No statistically significant differences (p &amp;gt; 0.05) were found for PD and CAL. BOP \u200b\u200bwas significantly higher in the periodontitis group than periodontitis+RA group. All biomarker levels were significantly increased in the periodontitis+RA group compared to periodontitis group. No significant difference in total bacterial expression (16sRNA) among groups.\n                      <jats:italic>Pg<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Td<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to periodontitis+RA group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this exploratory study, patients with periodontitis and RA exhibited significantly higher inflammatory biomarkers levels, indicating an amplified inflammatory response. This exploratory study identifies numerical trends suggesting that systemic condition may be associated with a suppressed red complex profile in Indonesian RA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1824946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:19:08Z","timestamp":1780287548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periodontal status, oral inflammatory biomarker, and relative expression of red complex bacteria in periodontitis-rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Minessa","family":"Mahardika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia","place":["Jakarta, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Widya","family":"Rakhmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia","place":["Jakarta, Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benso","family":"Sulijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia","place":["Jakarta, Indonesia"]},{"name":"Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Periodontology Group. 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