{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T06:14:02Z","timestamp":1779257642239,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for mitigating antimicrobial infections due to its effective skin homeostasis recovery and lower risk of inducing bacterial resistance. This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effects of combined treatment of red light and\n                    <jats:italic>Ligularia fischeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract on\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected wounds in BALB\/c mice. The effects of\n                    <jats:italic>L. fischeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (LF), red light (RL), and their combined treatment, referred to as LF-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (LF+RL), against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected wounds in BALB\/c mice were determined. LF+RL demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy by reducing the number of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) 3,881 from 8.47 to 3.68 Log CFU\/mL. It inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth in wounds, expedited wound size reduction, facilitated reepithelialization of the epidermis, and enhanced fibroplasia and collagen deposition in the dermis, mitigating\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced impairment. LF+RL also up-regulated the expression of transforming growth factor-\u03b2, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), FGF-7, and FGF-10 mRNA. These findings suggest that LF+RL improves wound healing following\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                    <jats:italic>L. fischeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract emerges as a potent photosensitizer responding to RL, exhibiting an anti-staphylococcal effect. LF+RL holds promise for the development of a novel therapeutic method to attenuate microbial infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1827267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T05:48:46Z","timestamp":1779256126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Ligularia fischeri extract and red light improves the restoration of Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Natural Product Efficacy Optimization, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute of Natural Products","place":["Gangneung, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University","place":["Gunsan, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaeyoung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Product Systems Biology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute of Natural Products","place":["Gangneung, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungsu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Product Systems Biology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute of Natural Products","place":["Gangneung, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pahn-Shick","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Natural Product Efficacy Optimization, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Gangneung Institute of Natural Products","place":["Gangneung, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Natural Product Applied Science, University of Science and Technology (UST)","place":["Gangneung, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14188436","article-title":"Natural photosensitizers in clinical trials","volume":"14","author":"Aebisher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. 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