{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:03:55Z","timestamp":1780985035113,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to develop a diagnostic model capable of accurately distinguishing between TBM and non-TBM in adults using basic clinical and laboratory parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic information, clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters were collected. Consecutive patients diagnosed with TBM or non-TBM who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled from June 2019 to June 2024 at Ningbo No.2 Hospital (training set). A random sample of 100 eligible patients from the same period at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University served as the validation set. LASSO regression with 10-fold cross-validation was applied for variable selection, generating a set of 53 variables with non-zero coefficients. These variables were then ranked by the magnitude of their coefficients, and the top 7 variables with the highest importance were retained for the final multivariate logistic regression model. Model performance, including discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, was validated in both cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariate logistic regression identified seizures at admission, mental and behavioral abnormalities, thalamic abnormalities on brain MRI, a positive Pandy test, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF glucose levels, and serum albumin as independent predictors of TBM (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The model showed promising discrimination (AUC 0.876 vs. 0.958) and good calibration in both cohorts. Decision curve analysis confirmed its clinical utility, suggesting potential to enhance diagnostic practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multivariable diagnostic model can assist clinicians in early differentiation between TBM and non-TBM using simple clinical and laboratory parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1829445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:44:55Z","timestamp":1780983895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Construction and verification of early diagnosis model of tuberculous meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]},{"name":"Emergency Department, Ningbo No.2 Hospital","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minzhe","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoce","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Ningbo No.2 Hospital","place":["Ningbo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangliang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China"]},{"name":"The Department of Emergency Medicine, Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University","place":["Quzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(14)71116-7","article-title":"Nomograms in oncology: more than meets the eye","volume":"16","author":"Balachandran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1509024","article-title":"Adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"374","author":"Beardsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. 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