{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:01:16Z","timestamp":1780290076957,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major opportunistic pathogen whose ability to form biofilms greatly enhances antimicrobial tolerance and contributes to persistent infection. Although increasing attention has been paid to biofilm-mediated drug resistance, the overall knowledge structure and translational development of this field remain unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A bibliometric analysis was performed using publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus on December 20, 2025. The search covered the period 2014\u20132025 and focused on\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , antimicrobial resistance, and biofilms, resulting in 6,537 publications for bibliometric analysis. To complement the bibliometric findings, a supplementary narrative review of published clinical studies and a separate registered trial landscape overview were conducted. After screening, 6 published clinical studies and 18 registered interventional trials were included.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Global research output on\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm-mediated resistance increased steadily from 2014 to 2025. China, the United States, and India were the most productive countries, while the United States showed the leading role in the international collaboration network. Keyword clustering and temporal analyses indicated three major research directions: multidrug resistance evolution and pathogenic synergy, novel antibacterial interventions and functional materials, and clinical translation and efficacy evaluation. The supplementary clinical component showed growing interest in adjunctive and mechanistically targeted strategies, particularly in chronic airway and wound-associated infections, although mature efficacy data remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Research on\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm-mediated drug resistance is shifting from mechanistic exploration toward translational application. This study provides a data-driven overview of the field\u2019s intellectual structure, research hotspots, and emerging trends, and may help guide future anti-biofilm and anti-resistance research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1830404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1780287547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping the knowledge landscape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-mediated drug resistance: a bibliometric analysis and clinical trial landscape overview"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Infectious Disease Hospital","place":["Zibo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zejia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Office, Zibo Mental Health Center","place":["Zibo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Infectious Disease Hospital","place":["Zibo, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University","place":["Qingdao, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00320-18","article-title":"Evolution of antibiotic resistance in biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations exposed to subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin","volume":"62","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02372-6","article-title":"Antibiofilm activity of ZnO-Ag nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"15","author":"Alhosani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100499","article-title":"Antibacterial smart hydrogels: New hope for infectious wound management","volume":"17","author":"Aliakbar Ahovan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35919-6","article-title":"The efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"13","author":"Al-Momani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127298","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaviour in polymicrobial communities: The competitive and cooperative interactions conducting to the exacerbation of infections","volume":"268","author":"Al-Wrafy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001335","article-title":"Genetic and environmental determinants of surface adaptations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"169","author":"Ambreetha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10271-4","article-title":"Modulation of antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by interspecies signal analogues","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","article-title":"bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis","volume":"11","author":"Aria","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Informetr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.04.028","article-title":"Disassembling bacterial extracellular matrix with DNase-coated nanoparticles to enhance antibiotic delivery in biofilm infections","volume":"209","author":"Baelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.08.001","article-title":"Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Bilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros. Off. J. Eur. Cyst. Fibros. Soc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.11.032","article-title":"Identification of novel cyclic lipopeptides from a positional scanning combinatorial library with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities","volume":"108","author":"Bionda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection","volume":"3","author":"Castanheira","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28842-8","article-title":"Inhibition and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by host defence peptides","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c14991","article-title":"Moxifloxacin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for overcoming multidrug resistance in chronic pulmonary infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00913","article-title":"Tolerance and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to antimicrobial agents\u2014How P. aeruginosa can escape antibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Ciofu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1039\/d4cb00113c","article-title":"Control of phosphodiesterase activity in the regulator of biofilm dispersal RbdA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"5","author":"Cordery","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2026.2620072","article-title":"Characterization of \u03b2-lactam resistance in dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"42","author":"da Cruz Nizer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.105766","article-title":"New avenues of controlling microbial infections through anti-microbial and anti-biofilm potentials of green mono-and multi-metallic nanoparticles: A review","volume":"167","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/s1526-0550(02)00003-3","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: pathogenesis and persistence","volume":"3","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf287","article-title":"Novel antimicrobial peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in silico design and experimental validation","volume":"136","author":"de Albernaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153915","article-title":"Phenotypic and transcriptional study of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on a wastewater biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain","volume":"826","author":"de Celis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00406-x","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of silver nanoparticles against antibiotic-sensitive and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains","volume":"52","author":"de Lacerda Coriolano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol. Publ. Braz. Soc Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.06.022","article-title":"Targeted treatment for biofilm-based infections using PEGylated tobramycin","volume":"372","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3232-8","article-title":"Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation improves lung function in cystic fibrosis patients chronically colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a pilot cross-over study","volume":"37","author":"Dingemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.09.021","article-title":"Inhibition and destruction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides","volume":"62","author":"Dosler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14010109","article-title":"Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: Quorum sensing, c-di-GMP signaling, and emerging antibiofilm approaches","volume":"14","author":"Elbehiry","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1374466","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: navigating clinical impacts, current resistance trends, and innovations in breaking therapies","volume":"15","author":"Elfadadny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3823\/846","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"10","author":"Elmanama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Arab. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12921","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01321","article-title":"Host defense peptide-mimicking amphiphilic \u03b2-peptide polymer (Bu : DM) exhibiting anti-biofilm, immunomodulatory, and in vivo anti-infective activity","volume":"63","author":"Etayash","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148193","article-title":"Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ciprofloxacin-loaded ZnO@lignin@chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"330","author":"Fattahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2016.08.005","article-title":"Phenotypic shift in Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations from cystic fibrosis lungs after 2-week antipseudomonal treatment","volume":"16","author":"Fernandez-Barat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"517","article-title":"Manufacturing nanostructured chitosan-based 2D sheets with prolonged antimicrobial activity","volume":"59","author":"Ficai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Romanian J. Morphol. Embryol. Rev. Roum. Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106830","article-title":"Methyl gallate attenuates virulence and decreases antibiotic resistance in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonasaeruginosa","volume":"194","author":"Flores-Maldonado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004152","article-title":"Broad-spectrum anti-biofilm peptide that targets a cellular stress response","volume":"10","author":"Fuente-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0310","article-title":"Bacteriophage can lyse antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from canine diseases","volume":"78","author":"Furusawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00637-11","article-title":"Role of exopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and architecture","volume":"77","author":"Ghafoor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00415-17","article-title":"Potentiation of tobramycin by silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"61","author":"Habash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03170-14","article-title":"Synergy of silver nanoparticles and aztreonam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms","volume":"58","author":"Habash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-021-00515-3","article-title":"Microtiter plate assays to assess antibiofilm activity against bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Haney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010092","article-title":"Anti-biofilm agents to overcome Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic resistance","volume":"18","author":"Hanot","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00640-3","article-title":"The impact of antioxidant-ciprofloxacin combinations on the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"10","author":"Higazy","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae036","article-title":"In vivo evolution of antimicrobial resistance in a biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection","volume":"18","author":"Higazy","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201906674","article-title":"Nanosilver mitigates biofilm formation via FapC amyloidosis inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Huma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100582","article-title":"Recent progress of antibacterial hydrogels in wound dressings","volume":"19","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.05179-22","article-title":"Planktonic and biofilm-derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles facilitate horizontal gene transfer of plasmid DNA","volume":"11","author":"Johnston","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303521","article-title":"Mentha longifolia assisted nanostructures: An approach to obliterate microbial biofilms","volume":"19","author":"Kazmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110601","article-title":"Phloroglucinol-gold and -zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antibiofilm and antivirulence activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"19","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.106854","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on P. aeruginosa variants isolated from young patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"195","author":"Konkuri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24101960","article-title":"Chitosan-based (nano)materials for novel biomedical applications","volume":"24","author":"Kravanja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02130-14","article-title":"Cyclic di-GMP-mediated repression of swarming motility by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 requires the MotAB stator","volume":"197","author":"Kuchma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201701527","article-title":"Porous silicon nanoparticle delivery of tandem peptide anti-infectives for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections","volume":"29","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw143","article-title":"Engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide (eCAP) prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on airway epithelial cells","volume":"71","author":"Lashua","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107933","article-title":"A prospective pilot clinical study reveals a promising non-toxic anti-biofilm activity of gentamicin-EDTA-Na2 central venous catheter lock solution","volume":"157","author":"Lebeaux","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis. IJID Off. Publ. Int. Soc Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01193-8","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ecology, evolution, pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"23","author":"Letizia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228836","article-title":"Recent advances in zinc oxide nanostructures with antimicrobial activities","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256673","article-title":"Pseudomonal infections in patients with COPD: epidemiology and management","volume":"2","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Med. Drugs Devices Interv."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00515-17","article-title":"Insights into biofilm dispersal regulation from the crystal structure of the PAS-GGDEF-EAL region of RbdA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"200","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18450","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01584","article-title":"Development of molecularly imprinted polymers to block quorum sensing and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents","volume":"9","author":"Mah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235889","article-title":"Chitosan as a wound dressing starting material: Antimicrobial properties and mode of action","volume":"20","author":"Matica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030562","article-title":"Characterization and implications of IncP-2A plasmid pMAS152 harboring multidrug resistance genes in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"12","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06657-y","article-title":"Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens","volume":"12","author":"Mendes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02803","article-title":"Polymicrobial interactions induce multidrug tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus through energy depletion","volume":"10","author":"Nabb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00530-19","article-title":"It takes a village\u201d: mechanisms underlying antimicrobial recalcitrance of polymicrobial biofilms","volume":"202","author":"Orazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41005-7","article-title":"A peptide-nanoparticle system with improved efficacy against multidrug resistant bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Pal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00280-23","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles conjugated with amikacin and combined with hyperthermia against drug-resistant and biofilm-producing strains","volume":"11","author":"Palau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00576-7","article-title":"An engineered bispecific DNA-encoded IgG antibody protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pneumonia challenge model","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000774","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological outcomes associated with use of platelet-rich plasma in chronic venous leg uclers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Pires","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Wound Ostomy Cont. Nurs. Off. Publ. Wound Ostomy Cont. Nurses Soc"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00065","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to the max","volume":"2","author":"Poole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6313","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00830-16","article-title":"A novel RNase 3\/ECP peptide for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm eradication that combines antimicrobial, lipopolysaccharide binding, and cell-agglutinating activities","volume":"60","author":"Pulido","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01056-1","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal. Transduction Targeting Ther."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04346-8","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: treatment strategies to combat infection","volume":"207","author":"Ramesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S50669","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia management","volume":"9","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Estrada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31858-6","article-title":"Candida tropicalis culture supernatants modulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation","volume":"16","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65268-7","article-title":"Electrospun cellulose acetate\/gelatin nanofibrous wound dressing containing berberine for diabetic foot ulcer healing: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"10","author":"Samadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2025.501162","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of silver hydrofiber dressing versus collagenase ointment for venous ulcer: analysis of biofilm-producing bacteria and bacterial clonality","volume":"100","author":"Saranholi","year":"2025","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061614","article-title":"Microbial biofilm: a review on formation, infection, antibiotic resistance, control measures, and innovative treatment","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61137-5","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the respiratory microbiota of people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"384","author":"Sherrard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1572400","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of hotspots in Staphylococcus aureus drug resistance research","volume":"16","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26093930","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles functionalized with polymeric substances to reduce the growth of planktonic and biofilm opportunistic pathogens","volume":"26","author":"Solomon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00433-15","article-title":"Contribution of stress responses to antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"59","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2125","article-title":"Investigation of ciprofloxacin penetration into Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"38","author":"Suci","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B85","first-page":"724","article-title":"CiteSpace II: visualization and knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases","volume":"2005","author":"Synnestvedt","year":"2005","journal-title":"AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc. AMIA Symp."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100192","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine: antibiofilm and antivirulence agents","volume":"7","author":"Tabassum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-024-13050-4","article-title":"Antibiofilm and antivirulence activities of laminarin-gold nanoparticles in standard and host-mimicking media","volume":"108","author":"Tabassum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2014.09.003","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: towards the development of novel anti-biofilm therapies","volume":"191","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070523","article-title":"Polymer-based hydrogels applied in drug delivery: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Thang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228671","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","volume":"21","author":"Thi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1545678","article-title":"A systematic review of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae research: bibliometric and topic modeling perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00639-2","article-title":"Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on biofilm formation and gene expression of the toxin-antitoxin system in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"22","author":"Valadbeigi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12547","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.711507","article-title":"Biofilms and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling: lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria","volume":"291","author":"Valentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0146-3","article-title":"Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping","volume":"84","author":"van Eck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.317-323.2003","article-title":"Contributions of antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation, and low metabolic activity to tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin","volume":"47","author":"Walters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.002","article-title":"Drug delivery approaches for enhanced antibiofilm therapy","volume":"353","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control. Release Off. J. Control. Release Soc"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3765-1","article-title":"A case report of community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia complicated with MODS in a previously healthy patient and related literature review","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.08.017","article-title":"Translating bacteriophage-derived depolymerases into antibacterial therapeutics: challenges and prospects","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmicr.2025.100379","article-title":"Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by different sequence types on treating lower limb vascular infections","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139151","article-title":"Bacteriophage facilitated transmission of multidrug efflux pump regulatory genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"495","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101791","article-title":"Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-based vaccines delivery systems as a novel adjuvant for H9N2 antigen enhance immune responses","volume":"101","author":"Wusiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04029-5","article-title":"Protective efficacy of the trivalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine candidate PcrV-OprI-Hcp1 in murine pneumonia and burn models","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11122468","article-title":"Action of antimicrobial peptides against bacterial biofilms","volume":"11","author":"Yasir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.09.013","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"14","author":"Yau","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros. Off. J. Eur. Cyst. Fibros. Soc"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1830404\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1780287550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1830404\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1830404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1830404","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"article-number":"1830404"}}