{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T05:11:31Z","timestamp":1788757891362,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early identification and precise prognosis of sepsis are of great significance. Traditional biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT) and lactate (Lac), do not reflect the immune dysregulation at the center of sepsis pathophysiology. Interferon - \u03b3 -induced protein 10 (IP-10) is an important chemokine for septic immune dysregulation responses and may have good predictive value. Our research aims to establish and validate a clinically applicable nomogram that combines IP-10 and conventional clinical parameters to predict the 28-day mortality in septic patients in the emergency department (ED).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study recruited 655 patients who met the criteria of sepsis 3.0 from the ED of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from November 2023 to May 2025.\u00a0A total of 580 patients were analyzed and randomly divided into the training group and the validation group in a 7:3 ratio. The variable selection in this study was conducted using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and our research employed multivariate logistic regression to determine independent predictors of 28-day mortality. The study scientifically evaluated nomogram using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), and Clinical Impact Curves (CIC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 580 patients, the 28-day mortality rate was 12.9% (75 non-survivors). Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors: IP-10 (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.978, 95% CI: 1.964-1.992), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.526, 95% CI: 1.365-1.758), Lac (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.447, 95% CI: 1.281-1.711), PCT (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.562, 95% CI: 1.341-1.924), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.658, 95% CI: 1.515-1.840). The nomogram showed excellent discriminatory ability. The area under the curve (AUC) of the training set and validation set was 0.952 (95% CI: 0.930-0.974) and 0.946 (95% CI: 0.911-0.981), respectively. Calibration was satisfactory, and DCA\/CIC analyses confirmed that within the risk threshold range, the clinical net benefit was significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is the first time to develop and validate a prognostic nomogram model for 28-day mortality based on IP-10 and clinical parameters in septic patients in the ED. This tool may assist clinicians in early risk stratification and clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1838120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:23:24Z","timestamp":1788755004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram model for 28-day mortality based on IP-10 and clinical parameters in septic patients in the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guijuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Emergency Medical Center Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Innovation and Translation","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1257725","article-title":"IP-10 and MIG are sensitive markers of early virological response to HIV-1 integrase inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02950-2","article-title":"Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019- results from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3195","article-title":"IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; CXCL10)-deficient mice reveal a role for IP-10 in effector T cell generation and trafficking","volume":"168","author":"Dufour","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061069","article-title":"Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with elevated levels of IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-13 in sepsis patients","volume":"13","author":"Eichhorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4892","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4892","article-title":"Roles for CXC chemokine ligands 10 and 11 in recruiting CD4+ T cells to HIV-1-infected monocyte-derived macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymph nodes","volume":"174","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2007.05.003","article-title":"Bacteremia and sepsis in older adults","volume":"23","author":"Girard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.19000993","article-title":"Evaluation of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and the PCR\/PCT index as indicators of mortality in abdominal sepsis","volume":"88","author":"God\u00ednez-Vidal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cir Cir"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13811","article-title":"Lactate in sepsis","volume":"313","author":"Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-011-0197-y","article-title":"Treatment with IP-10 induces host-protective immune response by regulating the T regulatory cell functioning in Leishmania donovani-infected mice","volume":"200","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.962470","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with ICU-acquired infections in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-03222-1","article-title":"A nomogram for predicting ICU mortality of sepsis associated encephalopathy: a retrospective cohort study based on MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225253","article-title":"Visualising statistical models using dynamic nomograms","volume":"14","author":"Jalali","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1569748","article-title":"Development and validation of a multidimensional predictive model for 28-day mortality in ICU patients with bloodstream infections: a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.4.1098","article-title":"The expression of a gamma interferon-induced protein (IP-10) in delayed immune responses in human skin","volume":"166","author":"Kaplan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002924","article-title":"Culture-negative septic shock compared with culture-positive septic shock: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Kethireddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa037","article-title":"Elevated plasma levels of selective cytokines in COVID-19 patients reflect viral load and lung injury","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.963","article-title":"Chemokine receptor specific for IP10 and mig: structure, function, and expression in activated T-lymphocytes","volume":"184","author":"Loetscher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01591-x","article-title":"Improvement of APACHE II score system for disease severity based on XGBoost algorithm","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005774","article-title":"Elevated basal pre-infection CXCL10 in plasma and in the small intestine after infection are associated with more rapid HIV\/SIV disease onset","volume":"12","author":"Ploquin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026","volume":"54","author":"Prescott","year":"2026","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1603216","article-title":"Combination of nucleated red blood cells and inflammatory biomarkers (PCT and CRP) for predicting sepsis and septic shock in children","volume":"15","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.58666","article-title":"A biomarker panel to discriminate between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis and sepsis severity","volume":"3","author":"Punyadeera","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Trauma Shock"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.20328","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of the SOFA score, SIRS criteria, and qSOFA score for in-hospital mortality among adults with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"317","author":"Raith","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000181525.99295.8f","article-title":"Lactate and glucose metabolism in severe sepsis and cardiogenic shock","volume":"33","author":"Revelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2236-1","article-title":"The combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein or presepsin alone improves the accuracy of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.875","article-title":"Flexible programs of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes","volume":"187","author":"Sallusto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.29729","article-title":"Sepsis prediction model for determining sepsis vs SIRS, qSOFA, and SOFA","volume":"6","author":"Schertz","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000432455.06476.bc","article-title":"HIV-1 infection induces strong production of IP-10 through TLR7\/9-dependent pathways","volume":"27","author":"Simmons","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.18526","article-title":"The comparison of scoring systems: SOFA, APACHE-II, LODS, MODS, and SAPS-II in critically ill elderly sepsis patients","volume":"18","author":"Tekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110507","article-title":"Persistent IP-10\/CXCL10 dysregulation following mild Omicron breakthrough infection: Immune network signatures across COVID-19 waves and implications for mRNA vaccine outcomes","volume":"278","author":"Vacharathit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1403-5","article-title":"The value of blood lactate kinetics in critically ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Vincent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1593416","article-title":"Editorial: Clinical application of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care medicine, volume V","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.656663","article-title":"IP-10 promotes latent HIV infection in resting memory CD4+ T cells via LIMK-cofilin pathway","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.11.1765","article-title":"Acquisition of selectin binding and peripheral homing properties by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells","volume":"189","author":"Xie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.910163","article-title":"Editorial: Clinical application of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care medicine, volume II","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1075023","article-title":"Editorial: Clinical application of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care medicine, volume III","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.809478","article-title":"Editorial: Clinical application of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care medicine, volume I","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1838120\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:23:24Z","timestamp":1788755004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1838120\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1838120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1838120","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"1838120"}}