{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:01:07Z","timestamp":1790226067634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-associated inflammatory disease that can compromise peri-implant tissue stability and implant survival. This study separately examined clinical indicators in a matched case-control analysis and described culture findings among peri-implantitis cases; the microbiological component was not designed to compare disease with health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective matched case-control study included consecutive adults receiving dental implant treatment between June 2021 and June 2025. Cases met the 2017 World Workshop case definition for peri-implantitis (n = 128), whereas controls without peri-implantitis were selected at a 1:2 ratio (n = 256) by matching on index year and observation time. Microbiological sampling was performed only in cases at disease presentation. All 128 cases were retained in the clinical analyses regardless of culture result; organism-distribution and susceptibility summaries were limited to culture-positive episodes. Clinical associations were evaluated using a\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      exploratory multivariable logistic regression model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 128 peri-implantitis cases, bacterial growth was recovered from 112 episodes (87.5%), whereas 16 episodes (12.5%) were culture-negative. No single organism predominated; the four most frequently recovered taxa each occurred in 19.6%-28.6% of culture-positive episodes. These frequencies are descriptive of cases only. In the matched clinical comparison, history of periodontitis was associated with peri-implantitis (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.25-2.99). The larger estimate for immune-related disorders was imprecise (adjusted OR 5.84, 95% CI 1.67-20.47). Anodized implant surface, longer surgery duration, pre-index occlusal overload, higher pre-index plaque index, and fewer maintenance visits were also retained in the exploratory model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Culture results describe viable organisms recovered from peri-implantitis cases under the study conditions and do not permit comparison with healthy implants. History of periodontitis was associated with peri-implantitis (adjusted OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.25-2.99); other model estimates remain exploratory because the covariates were selected\n                      <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      , some exposures were sparse, and the analysis was not validated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1848675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:32:14Z","timestamp":1790224334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical factors associated with peri-implantitis and the culture-based microbiological profile of peri-implantitis cases: a retrospective matched case-control study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan-Jie","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Tongxiang First People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Qing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Tongxiang First People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202406178","article-title":"Long-term implant maintenance: A systematic review of home and professional care strategies in supportive implant therapy","volume":"35","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz. 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