{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:55:42Z","timestamp":1781762142774,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia (SAB) is a life-threatening infection with high mortality. Early identification of high-risk patients remains challenging. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality in SAB patients and compare its performance with the SOFA score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This single-center retrospective study enrolled 160 patients with SAB (2019-2024). Patients were categorized into survival (n=87) and non-survival (n=73) groups. Variable selection was performed using best subset, stepwise, and LASSO regression. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed and internally validated using bootstrap resampling. A nomogram incorporating six predictors (PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio, urea, albumin, RDW, MV, and platelet count) was constructed to provide individualized risk prediction. Model performance was compared with the SOFA score using ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The in-hospital mortality rate was 45.6%. Independent risk factors included invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 4.738), elevated RDW (OR 1.252), and elevated urea (OR 1.065), while higher platelet count (OR 0.991), albumin (OR 0.825), and PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio (OR 0.988) were protective (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a00.05). The model showed excellent discrimination (AUC 0.948) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.658). The SOFA score showed comparable discrimination (AUC 0.959) but suboptimal calibration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.026). No significant difference in AUC was observed (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.565).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Invasive mechanical ventilation, elevated RDW, and elevated urea are independent risk factors for mortality in SAB, while higher platelet count, albumin, and PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio are protective. The proposed nomogram provides excellent predictive performance comparable to the SOFA score and may aid early identification of high-risk patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1849135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:30:41Z","timestamp":1781760641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a risk prediction model for hospital mortality in adult patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hua-Zheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Chuan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.03.015","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16137-8","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"15","author":"Borcak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz123","article-title":"Methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: nationwide estimates of 30-day readmission, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Inagaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000001033","article-title":"Evaluating prognostic bias of critical illness severity scores based on age, sex, and primary language in the United States: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Care Explor."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.11.002","article-title":"Navigating the challenges in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: a practical guide to management","volume":"40","author":"Mudrik-Zohar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.24911\/SJP.106-1597237251","article-title":"A study of red cell distribution width and neonatal sepsis at Soba University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan","volume":"21","author":"Omer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sudan J. Paediatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2573984","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory predictors of mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a high-risk setting: a single-center retrospective analysis of Pitt score, SOFA, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio","volume":"57","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2026.154243","article-title":"Prognostic value of ECG T\/R ratio and clinical predictors in septic shock","volume":"97","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A259","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000440265.94019.51","article-title":"Changes in red blood cell width distribution as a novel biomarker for bacteremia","volume":"41","author":"Slaughter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07070-6","article-title":"Comparison of different sepsis scoring systems and pathways: qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway in bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic patients presenting to the emergency department","volume":"22","author":"Sparks","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae338","article-title":"Clinical subphenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"79","author":"Swets","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.4288","article-title":"Management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a review","volume":"334","author":"Tong","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15826-8","article-title":"Construction and validation of a predictive in-hospital mortality nomogram in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-94179-8","article-title":"Combined glycated hemoglobin index and red cell distribution width predict in-hospital mortality in critically ill sepsis patients based on MIMIC-IV analysis","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad031","article-title":"The clinical differentiation of blood culture-positive and -negative sepsis in burn patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1849135\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:30:42Z","timestamp":1781760642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1849135\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1849135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1849135","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"article-number":"1849135"}}