{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:47:56Z","timestamp":1782712076795,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with severe nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Its remarkable ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance mechanisms promotes its persistence in hospital environments, representing a major challenge for infection control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to characterize clinical\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains recovered from colonization samples of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil between May 2021 and April 2022, focusing on antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence determinants, and genomic diversity. A total of 16 clinical strains obtained from nasopharyngeal, tracheal, and blood samples were analyzed. The strains were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, and subsequently characterized by whole-genome sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 16 strains analyzed, 15 (93.8%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and exhibited carbapenem resistance, being classified as carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Resistance to imipenem and meropenem was observed in 93.8% (n=15) and 87.5% (n=14) of the strains, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of important resistance determinants, including\n                      <jats:italic>blaOXA-23-like<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>armA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>tet(B)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>mph(E)\/msr(E)<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Analysis of virulence factors identified genes associated with pilus formation and cellular adhesion, a complete pga operon involved in biofilm production in most strains, as well as widely distributed quorum sensing systems and iron acquisition mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Collectively, the results demonstrate the widespread dissemination of MDR\/CRAB\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      lineages during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, supported by a diverse repertoire of genetic determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. These findings highlight the importance of continuous genomic surveillance and strengthened infection prevention and control strategies to mitigate the risk of hospital outbreaks caused by this pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1857994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T05:39:58Z","timestamp":1782711598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resistome, virulome and genomic insights into the silent dissemination of Acinetobacter baumannii during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Felipe Ramos","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Freire Alves","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute - Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Silva-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Preclinical Development, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luis","family":"Canellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute - Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Pavoni Gomes","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Aguiar-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology, Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Microbiology and Parasitology, Biomedical Institute - Fluminense Federal University","place":["Niteroi, Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. 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