{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:09:20Z","timestamp":1790712560883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The agricultural triazole fungicide tebuconazole (TCZ) has been implicated in the emergence of azole resistance in human fungal pathogens, but its direct role in selecting resistance and tolerance in\n                    <jats:italic>Candidozyma auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether laboratory exposure of a clade III clinical\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate to TCZ could induce cross\u2212resistance to clinical antifungals. Among 17 agrochemicals tested, only TCZ exhibited intrinsic antifungal activity. Brief (48 h) exposure to sub-MIC TCZ (1 \u03bcg\/mL) selected variants (6.9% frequency) with cross-resistance to TCZ and fluconazole, but full susceptibility to caspofungin. Exposure to supra-MIC TCZ (8-32 \u03bcg\/mL) produced three phenotypic classes: Class 2 (TCZ\u2212R, fluconazole\u2212R) and Class 3 (TCZ\u2212R, fluconazole\u2212R, plus tolerance to caspofungin and micafungin). The frequency of Class 3 increased dose-dependently from 23% to 50% as TCZ concentration rose. RNA-Seq revealed that both classes overexpressed\n                    <jats:italic>MDR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>TAC1b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>UPC2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>FKS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but Class 2 showed broad ergosterol pathway upregulation, whereas Class 3 exhibited restricted ergosterol activation but downregulation of the sole chitinase gene\n                    <jats:italic>CHT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.17\u2212fold), a known mechanism of echinocandin tolerance. Unlike the CRS\u2212MIS phenomenon in\n                    <jats:italic>Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , our Class 3 adaptors displayed equal tolerance to both caspofungin and micafungin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that, in a clade III clinical isolate of C. auris under the tested laboratory conditions, laboratory exposure to an agricultural triazole can rapidly select for clinically relevant azole cross\u2212resistance and echinocandin tolerance in\n                    <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that environmental fungicide use may inadvertently compromise the efficacy of last\u2212line antifungals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1860421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:34:33Z","timestamp":1784525673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro exposure to the agricultural triazole tebuconazole selects for fluconazole cross\u2212resistance and echinocandin tolerance in Candidozyma auris"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lihao","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiading District Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Shanghai, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 960th Hospital of PLA","place":["Jinan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangsheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Suzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1656723","article-title":"From crops to clinic: the impact of dual azole use on antifungal resistance in Candida and Candida associated yeasts","volume":"16","author":"Allison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. 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