{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:04:54Z","timestamp":1789095894467,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To isolate and characterize a novel\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      phage with activity against animal-derived methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) infections and biofilms in Kashgar, Xinjiang.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phage SPD was isolated through enrichment from farm wastewater, purified using the double-layer plaque assay, and characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), spot assays, growth kinetics, stability tests, and whole-genome sequencing (Illumina HiSeq). Anti-biofilm activity was evaluated via crystal violet staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SPD is a virulent\n                      <jats:italic>Podovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      characterized by an icosahedral head (~50 nm in diameter) and a short tail phage (~60 nm in length). It exhibits a broad host range (lyses 38 out of 50 tested strains, including 7 MRSA), a short latent period (~10 min), a high burst size (4,470 PFU\/cell), and stability at temperatures ranging from 4 to 50\u00a0\u00b0C and pH values between 6 and 9. The 17,066 bp double-stranded DNA genome (35.1% GC content) encodes a lysin and a holin, with no virulence or antibiotic resistance genes detected. SPD effectively inhibits planktonic MRSA growth and reduces biofilm formation (&amp;gt;50% inhibition) as well as pre-formed biofilms (&amp;gt;60% clearance)\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SPD represents a safe, novel\n                      <jats:italic>Andhravirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      phage with potent activity against MRSA and biofilms, offering a promising candidate for phage therapy, particularly in the Xinjiang region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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