{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:49:18Z","timestamp":1785937758070,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peri-implantitis, a plaque-associated inflammatory disease characterized by progressive bone loss around functional implants, poses a significant threat to the long-term success of oral rehabilitation. The understanding of its etiology has evolved from a traditional infection model to a dysbiosis-based host-microbe interaction disorder model. This paradigm shift underscores the critical need for early detection and novel therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes recent research advances within a logical framework: microbial dysbiosis, early diagnosis, treatment evolution, and regeneration. We detail the transition from a symbiotic microflora to a pathogenic biofilm, emphasizing key pathogens and host immune dysregulation mechanisms. The review evaluates the refinement of clinical and imaging diagnostics, the application of molecular biomarkers for early warning, and the emergence of point-of-care testing (POCT). Treatment strategies are discussed, moving beyond mechanical debridement to include innovative approaches like microecological modulation and regenerative therapies employing guided bone regeneration (GBR), bioactive factors, and tissue engineering concepts. Finally, we address current challenges in clinical translation and highlight future directions, including integrated diagnostics, personalized minimally invasive treatment, and smart biomaterials. The effective management of peri-implantitis necessitates an integrated strategy combining microbiological control with predictable tissue regeneration, requiring interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the long-term stability of implant restorations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1863773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:24:56Z","timestamp":1785936296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research advances in early diagnosis and treatment strategies for peri-implantitis: from microecology to regenerative therapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuezhen","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanna","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Dental Hospital\/Ningbo Oral Health Research Institute","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2024.102077","article-title":"Artificial intelligence platforms in dental caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Abbott","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Evidence-Based Dental Pract."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialsau.3c00013","article-title":"Resorbable membranes for guided bone regeneration: critical features, potentials, and limitations","volume":"3","author":"Abtahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Au"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70004","article-title":"Application of biologics in maxillary sinus augmentation surgery: a narrative review","volume":"27","author":"Aghaloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dentistry Related Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44445-025-00032-z","article-title":"The role of probiotics in the non-surgical management of peri-implantitis: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Al-Zawawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Saudi Dental J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33237","article-title":"On peri-implant bone loss theories: trying to piece together the jigsaw","volume":"15","author":"Anitua","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.100951","article-title":"Microbiome shifts in peri-implantitis: longitudinal characterization of dysbiosis and resolution","volume":"75","author":"Anuntakarun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Dental J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-021-00960-7","article-title":"Effect of inflammation on bones in diabetic patients with periodontitis via RANKL\/OPG system-a review","volume":"21","author":"Ateeq","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102351","article-title":"Recent progress of 3D printed responsive scaffolds for bone repair: a review","volume":"35","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2022.11.005","article-title":"Microbiome and the inflammatory pathway in peri-implant health and disease with an updated review on treatment strategies","volume":"13","author":"Banu Raza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral. Biol. Craniofacial Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1996.tb00563.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of tine shape of 3 periodontal probes using 2 probing forces","volume":"23","author":"Barendregt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-025-00591-0","article-title":"Treatment of peri-implant mucositis using an Er:YAG laser or an ultrasonic device: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dentistry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00350.x","article-title":"Microbial shift and periodontitis","volume":"55","author":"Berezow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S286","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12957","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Berglundh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S313","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0739","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and conditions: consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Berglundh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1039\/d4na00636d","article-title":"An electrochemical immunosensor based on a nano-ceria integrated microfluidic chip for interleukin-8 biomarker detection","volume":"7","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.2014suppl.g1.4","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography in implant dentistry: a systematic review focusing on guidelines, indications, and radiation dose risks","volume":"29","author":"Bornstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140905114627","article-title":"Quorum sensing inhibitors as anti-biofilm agents","volume":"21","author":"Brackman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70026","article-title":"Impaired Treg-mediated immune regulation in peri-implantitis lesions and implant loss: insights from histological and molecular analyses","volume":"52","author":"Cafferata","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514551754","article-title":"Composition of human peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions","volume":"93","author":"Carcuac","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6778","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.12.03.24318415","article-title":"The mouth of America: the oral microbiome profile of the US population","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedRxiv Preprint Server For. Health Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8283","article-title":"Oral microbiome profile of the US population","volume":"8","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03627-8","article-title":"Efficacy of Er:YAG laser for the peri-implantitis treatment and microbiological changes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.937725","article-title":"Multi-omics insights reveal the remodeling of gut mycobiome with P. gingivalis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18225227","article-title":"Evaluating the clinical efficacy of membrane-assisted regenerative therapy in peri-implantitis management: a comprehensive review incorporating systematic review evidence","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031502","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0200551","article-title":"Research progress of gene therapy combined with tissue engineering to promote bone regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"APL Bioeng"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080233","article-title":"Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease","volume":"79","author":"Cochran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-016-9982-2","article-title":"Bone regeneration using gene-activated matrices","volume":"19","author":"D'Mello","year":"2016","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13485","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a point-of-care aMMP-8 test in the discrimination of periodontal health and disease","volume":"48","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1039\/d2lc00774f","article-title":"A dental implant-on-a-chip for 3D modeling of host-material-pathogen interactions and therapeutic testing platforms","volume":"22","author":"Dhall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071681","article-title":"Peri-implantitis treatment on microbial decontamination","volume":"13","author":"Di Palo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101965","article-title":"Peri-implantitis-associated microbiota before and after peri-implantitis treatment, the biofilm \"competitive balancing\" effect: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Di Spirito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12120414","article-title":"Potential impact of microbial variations after peri-implantitis treatment on peri-implant clinical, radiographic, and crevicular parameters: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Di Spirito","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dentistry J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12354","article-title":"Could cytokine levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid be used to distinguish between healthy implants and implants with peri-implantitis? a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Duarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12364","article-title":"Guided bone regeneration: materials and biological mechanisms revisited","volume":"125","author":"Elgali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12049","article-title":"Management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis","volume":"66","author":"Figuero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12264","article-title":"The effect of orally administered probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri-containing tablets in peri-implant mucositis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Flichy-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1793843","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of active MMP-8 point-of-care test in peri-implantitis","volume":"19","author":"Fragkioudakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dentistry"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12522","article-title":"Twenty-five years of recombinant human growth factors rhPDGF-BB and rhBMP-2 in oral hard and soft tissue regeneration","volume":"94","author":"Galarraga-Vinueza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.202500146","article-title":"Carbon quantum dot-encapsulated metal-organic framework hybrids as multifunctional fluorescent sensors for oral disease biomarker detection","volume":"25","author":"Ghahramani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Rec. (New York N.Y.)"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143551","article-title":"Gene delivery therapeutics in the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a state of the art review","volume":"20","author":"Goker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170084","article-title":"Precision of cone beam CT to assess periodontal bone defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Haas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Radiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.04.004","article-title":"Role of complement in host-microbe homeostasis of the periodontium","volume":"25","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The keystone-pathogen hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S237","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12953","article-title":"Peri-implant mucositis","volume":"45","author":"Heitz-Mayfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S257","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0488","article-title":"Peri-implant mucositis","volume":"89","author":"Heitz-Mayfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13823","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases-the EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline","volume":"50","author":"Herrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687.e1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2025.07.019","article-title":"Comparison of masticatory performance and oral health-related quality of life between immediate and conventional loading protocols for an implant-supported mandibular overdenture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"134","author":"Homagarani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Prosthetic Dentistry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.14340","article-title":"Alveolar bone regeneration using a 3D-printed patient-specific resorbable scaffold for dental implant placement: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Ivanovski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Implants Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12580","article-title":"Radiographic diagnosis of periodontal diseases - current evidence versus innovations","volume":"95","author":"Jacobs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2504480224","article-title":"Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and titanium ions on monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion in gingival tissue: implications for peri-implant bone health","author":"Jang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Implant Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.1902840142","article-title":"Biomarkers associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Kalsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Implant Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12505","article-title":"Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis - consensus report of working group 4","volume":"69","author":"Khoury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Dental J."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.537","article-title":"Active MMP-8 point-of-care (PoC)\/chairside enzyme-test as an adjunctive tool for early and real-time diagnosis of peri-implantitis","volume":"8","author":"L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dental Res."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1986.tb00852.x","article-title":"Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease","volume":"13","author":"Lang","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.04.011","article-title":"Prevalences of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dentistry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-96027-1","article-title":"PCL scaffold with well-defined hierarchical pores effectively controls cell migration and alignment of human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15167","DOI":"10.1039\/d5tb01852h","article-title":"Intelligent biomaterials for periodontitis and peri-implantitis therapies: stimuli-responsive strategies targeting inflammation and regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12718","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in peri-implantitis vs periodontitis","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102246","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood-derived exosomes deliver miR-182-5p to therapeutically target the MYD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in rat peri-implantitis","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1371072","article-title":"The role of probiotic therapy on clinical parameters and human immune response in peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical studies","volume":"15","author":"L\u00f3pez-Valverde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00496-8","article-title":"Accuracy of artificial intelligence in caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Luke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170234","article-title":"American academy of periodontology best evidence consensus statement on selected oral applications for cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"88","author":"Mandelaris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12679","article-title":"Dental biofilm: ecological interactions in health and disease","volume":"44","author":"Marsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00686-0","article-title":"Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management","volume":"20","author":"Masters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12104","article-title":"Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"69","author":"Meyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2133-z","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative dentistry: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Miron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investigat"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515622432","article-title":"Impact of maintenance therapy for the prevention of peri-implant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Monje","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent Res."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.70075","article-title":"Surface decontamination on the reconstructive therapy of peri-implantitis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Monje","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dentistry Related Res."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01866-5","article-title":"Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development","volume":"9","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transd Targ Ther."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/67778","article-title":"Effects of mechanical methods used in peri-implantitis treatment on implant surface decontamination and roughness","author":"Ozgu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Visualized Experim JoVE"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12052","article-title":"Cluster of bacteria associated with peri-implantitis","volume":"16","author":"Persson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dentistry Related Res."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092358","article-title":"The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in oral and colorectal carcinogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112885","article-title":"Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) versus total MMP-8 in periodontal and peri-implant disease point-of-care diagnostics","volume":"11","author":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00388-x","article-title":"Efficacy of alternative or adjunctive measures to conventional non-surgical and surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ramanauskaite","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dentistry"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030395","article-title":"An oral rinse active matrix metalloproteinase-8 point-of-care immunotest may be less accurate in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"10","author":"Rautava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.08.003","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life in subjects with implant-supported prostheses: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Reissmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dentistry"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0588","article-title":"Peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis: case definitions and diagnostic considerations","volume":"89","author":"Renvert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12069","article-title":"Clinical approaches to treat peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis","volume":"68","author":"Renvert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2014.03.009","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy","volume":"32","author":"Rkein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Clinics"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8050661","article-title":"The microbiome of peri-implantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Sahrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12577","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of the peri-implant site","volume":"95","author":"Sahrmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01541-09","article-title":"Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities","volume":"75","author":"Schloss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B84","first-page":"331","article-title":"A comparison of two methods for pre-operative radiographic examination in treatment with oral implants in the anterior mandibular area","volume":"96","author":"Sewerin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tandlaegebladet"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.280102.x","article-title":"Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets","volume":"28","author":"Socransky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2020.614240","article-title":"Regenerative surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: an umbrella review of answered\/unanswered questions and future perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Solderer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Dent Med."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12101","article-title":"Analysis of matrix metalloproteinases, especially MMP-8, in gingival creviclular fluid, mouthrinse and saliva for monitoring periodontal diseases","volume":"70","author":"Sorsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2016.7313","article-title":"Non-surgical therapy for peri-implant diseases: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Su\u00e1rez-L\u00f3pez Del Amo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Res."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100275","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of oral bacterial biofilm on titanium oxide nanostructure modified implant surface: in vivo sequencing-based pilot study in beagle dogs","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04686-8","article-title":"Exosome-based therapeutics in bone regeneration: from fundamental biology to clinical translation","volume":"16","author":"Tajafrooz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01353.x","article-title":"Effect of material characteristics and\/or surface topography on biofilm development","volume":"17","author":"Teughels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Implants Res."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04061-w","article-title":"Comparison of RANKL and OPG levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid between healthy and diseased peri-implant tissues. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Theodoridis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investigat"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.5590","article-title":"Clinical classification of healing complications and management in guided bone regeneration procedures with a nonresorbable d-PTFE membrane","volume":"42","author":"Vroom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodont Restorat Dentistry"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0040","article-title":"Laser-assisted regenerative surgical therapy for peri-implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37866","article-title":"The role of implant coronal surface properties on early adhesion of Streptococcus oralis-an in vitro comparative study","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04244-1","article-title":"Microenvironment-responsive nanomotors enable enhanced biofilm penetration and immune reprogramming for peri-implantitis therapy","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102042","article-title":"Regulation of endothelial cells on the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in peri-implantitis","volume":"81","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tissue Cell."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2024.102419","article-title":"Piezoelectric nanomaterials for antibacterial strategies","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/crid\/7502566","article-title":"Implantoplasty-aided prosthetic rehabilitation for the management of peri-implantitis in maxilla reconstructed with free fibula flap: a clinical report","volume":"2025","author":"Yerramsetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dentistry"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13093","article-title":"Accuracy of aMMP-8 point-of-care test in indicating periodontal treatment outcomes in stage III\/IV periodontitis: a 24-week follow-up study","volume":"58","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111016","article-title":"Efficacy of local minocycline agents in treating peri-implantitis: An experimental in vivo study in beagle dogs","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009927","article-title":"Th-cell subsets of submandibular lymph nodes in peri-implantitis","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15389","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of matrix metalloproteinase-8 for detecting periodontal disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1863773\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:24:57Z","timestamp":1785936297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1863773\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1863773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1863773","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"article-number":"1863773"}}