{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:00:03Z","timestamp":1785214803522,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children is a chronic metabolic disease mediated by autoimmune abnormalities, characterized by extensive destruction and impairment of pancreatic islet \u03b2-cells, and represents a common chronic endocrine disorder in childhood. The occurrence and progression of T1DM are closely associated with genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Compared with healthy children, children with T1DM exhibit a disrupted gut microecological balance, characterized by a marked reduction in microbial diversity, structural disturbances in dominant microbiota, and concomitant abnormalities in multiple metabolic pathways. Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota, as a key environmental factor, is associated with the pathophysiological processes of pediatric T1DM through mechanisms including altered intestinal permeability and modulation of immune homeostasis. This article provides a comprehensive narrative review of the characteristics of the gut microbiota in children with T1DM, summarizes current evidence regarding microbiome alterations and their underlying mechanisms, and discusses emerging microbiota-targeted interventions. The aim is to provide new insights for the early prevention, control, and clinical management of T1DM in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1873700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1785212728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and gut microbiota: from microbiome characteristics to prevention and treatment strategies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chaoyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Luzhou People\u2019s Hospital","place":["Luzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-096994","article-title":"Sex-specific associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with glycaemic control: an Italian cross-sectional study in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Abuqwider","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo15050288","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation improves glucose homeostasis and modulates interleukin (IL)-21 and IL-22 levels in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Adly","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Agus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2025.2074","article-title":"Unveiling the gut connection: exploring the link between microbiota and type 1 diabetes onset in pediatric patients","volume":"24","author":"Arhire","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. 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