{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:58:01Z","timestamp":1785405481179,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) is fundamentally a gaseous signaling molecule in bacteria. Recent studies have reported that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S is a key mediator of bacterial antibiotic tolerance, making it a promising strategic target for overcoming tolerance, eliminating persisters, and restoring antibiotic efficacy. We systematically review recent advances in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S-mediated multidrug tolerance mechanisms, highlighting three core pathways: iron chelation for antioxidant defense, reactive sulfur species-mediated antibiotic inactivation and efflux pump activation, and metabolic dormancy induced by respiratory inhibition, and note that recent advances in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S fluorescent probes have provided important tools for monitoring intracellular H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S changes in bacteria under antibiotic stress. Furthermore, this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the development of novel inhibitors targeting intracellular H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S biosynthesis in bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1875957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:59:21Z","timestamp":1785401961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of hydrogen sulfide in bacterial antibiotic tolerance: from mechanisms to therapeutic targeting"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fengshan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwa E.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]},{"name":"Oncology Department, Kaifeng Central Hospital","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanbin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]},{"name":"Oncology Department, Kaifeng Central Hospital","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaonan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University","place":["Kaifeng, China"]},{"name":"Oncology Department, Kaifeng Central Hospital","place":["Kaifeng, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780597899","article-title":"Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes as targets for therapeutic agents","volume":"14","author":"Amadasi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12171","article-title":"Selectivity of commonly used pharmacological inhibitors for cystathionine \u03b2 synthase (CBS) and cystathionine \u03b3 lyase (CSE)","volume":"169","author":"Asimakopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2013.12.109","article-title":"Reaction-based colorimetric and fluorogenic signaling of hydrogen sulfide using a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole\u2013coumarin conjugate","volume":"55","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9915","DOI":"10.1021\/ja404004v","article-title":"A ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe reveals reduction in mitochondrial H2S production in Parkinson's disease gene knockout astrocytes","volume":"135","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15466","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.014728","article-title":"Acidity and nucleophilic reactivity of glutathione persulfide","volume":"295","author":"Benchoam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025247","article-title":"\u03b2-lactams and \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Bush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10529","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc34031c","article-title":"A near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe for fluorescence imaging of hydrogen sulfide in living cells based on thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether","volume":"48","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00075-24","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide production does not affect antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"68","author":"Caruso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.021","article-title":"The chaperone role of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and its implications for rare diseases involving B6-dependent enzymes","volume":"47","author":"Cellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13961","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201506887","article-title":"The development of fluorescent probes for visualizing intracellular hydrogen polysulfides","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1149418","article-title":"The culmination of multidrug-resistant efflux pumps vs. meager antibiotic arsenal era: Urgent need for an improved new generation of EPIs","volume":"14","author":"Chetri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2021","article-title":"Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs","volume":"103","author":"Cirino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147932","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-donor molecules: Chemical, biological, and therapeutical tools","volume":"25","author":"Corvino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.10.012","article-title":"Discovery of an inhibitor for bacterial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase that synergistically controls bacterial survival","volume":"27","author":"Croppi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101984","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging precision strategy for gas therapy","author":"Ding","year":"2022"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2020.131317","article-title":"A fast-responsed fluorescent probe for the selective detection hydrogen sulfide and tert- butoxy radical","volume":"76","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00205","article-title":"Chemical biology of H(2)S signaling through persulfidation","volume":"118","author":"Filipovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20070765","article-title":"Two independent routes of de novo vitamin B6 biosynthesis: not that different after all","volume":"407","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23788","article-title":"The terminal oxidase cytochrome bd promotes sulfide-resistant bacterial respiration and growth","volume":"6","author":"Forte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00683","article-title":"Activity-based fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide and related reactive sulfur species","volume":"124","author":"Fosnacht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.12.038","article-title":"A ratiometric \u201ctwo-in-one\u201d fluorescent chemodosimeter for fluoride and hydrogen sulfide","volume":"193","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B. Chem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001333","article-title":"Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors","volume":"169","author":"Gaurav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. (Reading)"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13726","article-title":"A new player in bacterial sulfide-inducible transcriptional regulation","volume":"105","author":"Giedroc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.12.020","article-title":"Vitamin B6 nutritional status and cellular availability of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate govern the function of the transsulfuration pathway's canonical reactions and hydrogen sulfide production via side reactions","volume":"126","author":"Gregory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ma00103j","article-title":"A naphthalimide-derived chemosensor for ratiometric detection of sulphide ions: Insights into the S2--driven reduction cascade, real-time applications and live cell imaging of bacterial cells","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Adv."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175439","article-title":"Endogenous nitric oxide protects bacteria against a wide spectrum of antibiotics","volume":"325","author":"Gusarov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2023.105459","article-title":"Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation","volume":"112","author":"Hajiagha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10216","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b04196","article-title":"A bright fluorescent probe for H2S enables analyte-responsive, 3D imaging in live zebrafish using light sheet fluorescence microscopy","volume":"137","author":"Hammers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of pioglitazone","volume":"121","author":"Hanefeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Practice. Supplement"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc08522a","article-title":"A new strategy to construct a FRET platform for ratiometric sensing of hydrogen sulfide","volume":"51","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb)"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15330","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b10675","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the H2S-mediated reduction of aryl azides commonly used in H2S detection","volume":"137","author":"Henthorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2240591","article-title":"Interactions of sulphide and other ligands with cytochrome c oxidase. An electron-paramagnetic-resonance study","volume":"224","author":"Hill","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.008","article-title":"Development of fluorescent probes for hydrogen polysulfides by using cinnamate ester as the recognition unit","volume":"232","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B. Chem."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0261","article-title":"Reactive sulfur species in human diseases","volume":"39","author":"Iciek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00486-4","article-title":"Architecture of bacterial respiratory chains","author":"Kaila","year":"2021"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04163","article-title":"Electrophilic cyanate as a recognition motif for reactive sulfur species: Selective fluorescence detection of H2S","volume":"88","author":"Karaku\u015f","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1039\/c6sc03856e","article-title":"Reversible ratiometric detection of highly reactive hydropersulfides using a FRET-based dual emission fluorescent probe","volume":"8","author":"Kawagoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0510-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: its production, release and functions","volume":"41","author":"Kimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.6082","article-title":"Signaling of hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides","volume":"22","author":"Kimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2333","article-title":"How antibiotics kill bacteria: from targets to networks","volume":"8","author":"Kohanski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2024.115458","article-title":"Analysis and characterization of sulfane sulfur","volume":"687","author":"Koike","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.120.314084","article-title":"Reactive sulfur species: A new redox player in cardiovascular pathophysiology","volume":"40","author":"Kolluru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13372","article-title":"The cytochrome bd oxidase of Escherichia coli prevents respiratory inhibition by endogenous and exogenous hydrogen sulfide","volume":"101","author":"Korshunov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129235","article-title":"Direct comparison of triggering motifs on chemiluminescent probes for hydrogen sulfide detection in water","volume":"329","author":"Levinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B. Chem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1039\/c9cc01699f","article-title":"A bioluminescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen polysulfides in live cells and a murine model of bacterial infection","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb)"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00298","article-title":"Escherichia coli uses separate enzymes to produce H(2)S and reactive sulfane sulfur from L-cysteine","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13435","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03766","article-title":"Taming the dichalcogenides: Isolation, characterization, and reactivity of elusive perselenide, persulfide, thioselenide, and selenosulfide anions","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112829","article-title":"\u03b2-lactam antibiotics: An overview from a medicinal chemistry perspective","volume":"208","author":"Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10078","DOI":"10.1021\/ja203661j","article-title":"Reaction-based fluorescent probes for selective imaging of hydrogen sulfide in living cells","volume":"133","author":"Lippert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7257","DOI":"10.1021\/ja502968x","article-title":"Rational design and bioimaging applications of highly selective fluorescence probes for hydrogen polysulfides","volume":"136","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10327","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201104305","article-title":"Capture and visualization of hydrogen sulfide by a fluorescent probe","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1021\/ol3008183","article-title":"Reaction based fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.146","article-title":"A novel red light emissive two-photon fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in nucleolus region and its application for H2S detection in zebrafish and live mice","volume":"256","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors Actuators B. Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01610-17","article-title":"Cupriavidus necator H16 uses flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase to oxidize self-produced and added sulfide","volume":"83","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.06.017","article-title":"Bacterial gasotransmitters: an innate defense against antibiotics","volume":"21","author":"Luhachack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009763","article-title":"CBS-derived H2S facilitates host colonization of Vibrio cholerae by promoting the iron-dependent catalase activity of KatB","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS Pathog."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200500114","article-title":"2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoresceins as fluorescent alternatives to Ellman's reagent in thiol-quantification enzyme assays","volume":"44","author":"Maeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-015-1645-8","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of nineteen selected natural products against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative phenotypes","volume":"4","author":"Mbaveng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703576114","article-title":"Mechanism of H(2)S-mediated protection against oxidative stress in Escherichia coli","volume":"114","author":"Mironov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1021\/jo4008095","article-title":"Development of selective colorimetric probes for hydrogen sulfide based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution","volume":"78","author":"Montoya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030383","article-title":"Cyanide insensitive oxidase confers hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide tolerance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerobic respiration","volume":"13","author":"Nastasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2025.01.012","article-title":"H(2)S regulation of a host-microbe interaction","volume":"33","author":"Nauta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20130070","article-title":"Sulfide inhibition of and metabolism by cytochrome c oxidase","volume":"41","author":"Nicholls","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc Trans."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01991-24","article-title":"Increased intracellular H(2)S levels enhance iron uptake in Escherichia coli","volume":"15","author":"Nonoyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091920","article-title":"An overview of the recent advances in antimicrobial resistance","volume":"12","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8120639","article-title":"Manganese porphyrin-based SOD mimetics produce polysulfides from hydrogen sulfide","volume":"8","author":"Olson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00027","article-title":"Cysteine hydropersulfide inactivates \u03b2-lactam antibiotics with formation of ring-opened carbothioic S-acids in bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Ono","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1740","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide in physiology and pathogenesis of bacteria and viruses","volume":"70","author":"Pal","year":"2018","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107916","article-title":"The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC): The emerging role of H(2)S and sulfane sulfur species","volume":"228","author":"Pedre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.5b00431","article-title":"Trapping hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with diselenides: the application in the design of fluorescent probes","volume":"17","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.embor914","article-title":"A genomic overview of pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Percudani","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1506","article-title":"Selective fluorescent probes for live-cell monitoring of sulphide","volume":"2","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04397-x","article-title":"Bacterial programmed cell death and toxin-antitoxin system in bacteria","volume":"207","author":"Rafiq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030603","article-title":"Role of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in physiology and disease","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17001","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.5c10078","article-title":"The SOS response: a double-edged sword between the persister and resister formation","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2026"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-082681","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and resistance","volume":"391","author":"Reza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18003","DOI":"10.1021\/ja207851s","article-title":"Development of a highly selective fluorescence probe for hydrogen sulfide","volume":"133","author":"Sasakura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-024-03985-2","article-title":"Resensitization of multi drug-resistant Aeromonas caviae with exogenous hydrogen sulfide potentiated antibiotics","volume":"82","author":"Selvakumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-024-00537-3","article-title":"Detection and evaluation of susceptibility to antibiotics in non-hydrogen sulfide-producing antibiotic-resistant soil microbe: Pseudomonas guariconensis","volume":"28","author":"Selvakumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Microbiol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1134\/s0026893322050120","article-title":"Enhancement of the bactericidal effect of antibiotics by inhibition of enzymes involved in production of hydrogen sulfide in bacteria","volume":"56","author":"Seregina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd8377","article-title":"Inhibitors of bacterial H(2)S biogenesis targeting antibiotic resistance and tolerance","volume":"372","author":"Shatalin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209855","article-title":"H2S: a universal defense against antibiotics in bacteria","volume":"334","author":"Shatalin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.02.004","article-title":"PLP-dependent H(2)S biogenesis","volume":"1814","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53764-7","article-title":"H(2)S scavenger as a broad-spectrum strategy to deplete bacteria-derived H(2)S for antibacterial sensitization","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.09.010","article-title":"A timeline of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) research: From environmental toxin to biological mediator","volume":"149","author":"Szabo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201304181","article-title":"Design of ratiometric fluorescent probes based on arene-metal-ion interactions and their application to Cd(II) and hydrogen sulfide imaging in living cells","volume":"20","author":"Takashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16802","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA42931H","article-title":"A highly selective and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for relay recognition of zinc(ii) and sulfide ions based on modulation of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer","volume":"3","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09463-9","article-title":"Structures of the wild-type MexAB-OprM tripartite pump reveal its complex formation and drug efflux mechanism","volume":"10","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G143","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00249.2017","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide: an agent of stability at the microbiome-mucosa interface","volume":"314","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2011","article-title":"Physiological implications of hydrogen sulfide: a whiff exploration that blossomed","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02357","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide from cysteine desulfurase, not 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, contributes to sustaining cell growth and bioenergetics in E. coli under anaerobic conditions","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.9b02844","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide mediated tandem reaction of selenenyl sulfides and its application in fluorescent probe development","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30398","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA03677H","article-title":"Fluorogenic sensing of H2S in blood and living cells via reduction of aromatic dialkylamino N-oxide","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00689-22","article-title":"Effects of l-serine on macrolide resistance in Streptococcus suis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14593","article-title":"Sulfane sulfur is an intrinsic signal activating MexR-regulated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"114","author":"Xuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11011","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.009047","article-title":"S-3-Carboxypropyl-l-cysteine specifically inhibits cystathionine \u03b3-lyase-dependent hydrogen sulfide synthesis","volume":"294","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128243","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide activated chemiluminescence probe for facile and robust discrimination of \u03b2-lactam-resistant bacteria","volume":"295","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.10.005","article-title":"Antibiotics: pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance and multidrug efflux pumps","volume":"133","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126452","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide metabolite, sodium thiosulfate: clinical applications and underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2170972","article-title":"Absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and biotransformation of epigallocatechin gallate","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11305","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc46932h","article-title":"A fluorescent probe for the biological signaling molecule H2S based on a specific H2S trap group","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb)"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2026.117771","article-title":"Utilizing a fluorescent probe for the in vivo visualization of H2S activity under gastric conditions caused by Helicobacter pylori","volume":"224","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202101399","article-title":"Sensitivity and selectivity analysis of fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide detection","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2022.07.007","article-title":"Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent inhibitor of cystathionine beta-synthase: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action","volume":"128","author":"Zuhra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nitric. Oxide"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1875957\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:59:23Z","timestamp":1785401963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1875957\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1875957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1875957","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"article-number":"1875957"}}