{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:32:42Z","timestamp":1786516362734,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carbapenem resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRAB) is recognized as one of the most critical priority pathogens by the World Health Organization due to its persistence in nosocomial settings, extensive antimicrobial resistance, and increasing dissemination at the global level. Despite the escalating availability of genomic data, genotype\u2013phenotype integrated studies exploring the genetic determinants associated with carbapenem resistance remain limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, a comprehensive comparative genomics was performed using publicly available 395 clinical\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes, comprising of 267 CRAB and 128 carbapenem susceptible\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CSAB). Comparative genomic analyses included sequence types (STs), virulence factors (VFs), antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) characterization. Pangenome-wide association study (PanGWAS) was performed to test the associations between genotypes and carbapenem resistance phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CRAB genome subset demonstrated higher abundance of ARGs (acquired carbapenemases in particular), plasmids, carbapenem resistance-associated insertion sequences, and integrons than CSAB genomes. PanGWAS identified six positively associated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>relE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>umuC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>hphA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>hsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>hphR<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>fecI<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) significantly enriched in CRAB population. Core SNP phylogeny integrated with STs and acquired carbapenemase genes exhibited heterogeneous distribution of resistance genes across lineages, indicating potential role of both clonal dissemination and horizontal gene transfer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides an overall genomic architecture of CRAB integrating comparative genomics, PanGWAS, and phylogenomics approaches. The findings underscore the complex interplay between ARGs, VFs, and MGEs in the genomic evolution of CRAB, expanding current understanding of CRAB adaptation and may contribute toward enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and exploration of alternative therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1886564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:09:11Z","timestamp":1786514951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative genomics of carbapenem resistant and susceptible clinical Acinetobacter baumannii reveals lineage-associated mobilization of acquired carbapenemase determinants: an integrative in silico genomics approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Pearl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Anbarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.01076-20","article-title":"Complete genome sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii AC1633 and Acinetobacter nosocomialis AC1530 unveils a large multidrug-resistant plasmid encoding the NDM-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases","volume":"6","author":"Alattraqchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2014.02.009","article-title":"Computational gene network study on antibiotic resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"48","author":"Anitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020286","article-title":"Efficacy of fosfomycin-containing regimens for treatment of bacteremia due to pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in critically ill patients: a case series study","volume":"12","author":"Assimakopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mgen000878","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000878","article-title":"An update to the database for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharide locus typing extends the extensive and diverse repertoire of genes found at and outside the K locus","volume":"8","author":"Cahill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.622704","article-title":"Polymyxin resistance among XDR ST1 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone expanding in a teaching hospital","volume":"12","author":"Carrasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2024.148508","article-title":"Whole genome analysis reveals unique traits of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients","volume":"919","author":"Chandy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D694","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1239","article-title":"VFDB 2016: hierarchical and refined dataset for big data analysis--10 years on","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01940-w","article-title":"CheckM2: a rapid, scalable and accurate tool for assessing microbial genome quality using machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Chklovski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196","article-title":"Rapid phylogenetic analysis of large samples of recombinant bacterial whole genome sequences using Gubbins","volume":"43","author":"Croucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S310478","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of extensively-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 2 co-harboring blaNDM and blaOXA from clinical origin","volume":"14","author":"Ejaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2022.05.011","article-title":"In vitro activity of sulbactam-durlobactam against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and mechanisms of resistance","volume":"30","author":"Findlay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-025-04483-0","article-title":"Novel antimicrobial peptide HFIAP-1 mutant as a \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor against extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases of Escherichia coli: a comprehensive in-silico approach","volume":"207","author":"George","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2026.1790411","article-title":"A 4-methyl-substituted durlobactam analogue as a potential class-D oxacillinase inhibitor in Acinetobacter baumannii\u2014an in silico study","volume":"6","author":"George","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Bioinforma."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317\u20131337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10608-0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics screening, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations revealed novel antimicrobial peptide NKLF2 mutants as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"George","year":"2026","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000357","article-title":"Visualizing variation within Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and country population snapshots to contextualize pneumococcal isolates","volume":"6","author":"Gladstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13051149","article-title":"Emergence of NDM-1- and OXA-23-co-producing Acinetobacter baumannii ST1 isolates from a burn unit in Spain","volume":"13","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.19700","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging opportunistic pathogen","volume":"3","author":"Howard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02759-21","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in U.S. hospitals: diversification of circulating lineages and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"13","author":"Iovleva","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9","article-title":"High throughput ANI analysis of 90K prokaryotic genomes reveals clear species boundaries","volume":"9","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D566","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1004","article-title":"CARD 2017: expansion and model-centric curation of the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database","volume":"45","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.24.8172-8180.2004","article-title":"Specialized persister cells and the mechanism of multidrug tolerance in Escherichia coli","volume":"186","author":"Keren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty539","article-title":"pyseer: a comprehensive tool for microbial pangenome-wide association studies","volume":"34","author":"Lees","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D912","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1107","article-title":"VFDB 2022: a general classification scheme for bacterial virulence factors","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02316-8","article-title":"Genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence features and phylogenomics of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates","volume":"53","author":"Lukovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00784-24","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactamase diversity in Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"69","author":"Mack","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2016.12.001","article-title":"Exploring the resistance mechanism of imipenem in carbapenem hydrolysing class D beta-lactamases OXA-143 and its variant OXA-231 (D224A) expressing Acinetobacter baumannii: an in-silico approach","volume":"67","author":"Malathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4647","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab199","article-title":"BUSCO update: novel and streamlined workflows along with broader and deeper phylogenetic coverage for scoring of eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral genomes","volume":"38","author":"Manni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.323","article-title":"BUSCO: assessing genomic data quality and beyond","volume":"1","author":"Manni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02260-23","article-title":"A global view on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"14","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2023","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10067-5","article-title":"Novel antimicrobial peptide SAAP mutant as a better adjuvant to sulbactam-based treatments against clinical strains of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"16","author":"Naha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30156","article-title":"Genome sequencing and molecular characterisation of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii reveal complexities in resistance: novel combination of sulbactam\u2013durlobactam holds promise for therapeutic intervention","volume":"122","author":"Naha","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10040700","article-title":"IntegronFinder 2.0: identification and analysis of integrons across bacteria, with a focus on antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella","volume":"10","author":"N\u00e9ron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7213429","article-title":"Overexpression of bla OXA-58 gene driven by IS Aba3 is associated with imipenem resistance in a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Vietnam","volume":"2020","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/MOLBEV\/MSU300","article-title":"IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14918","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter antibiotic-resistance acquisition and dissemination","volume":"1518","author":"Noel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14918","article-title":"Mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter antibiotic\u2010resistance acquisition and dissemination","volume":"1518","author":"Noel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02176-12","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance acquired through a DNA damage-inducible response in Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"195","author":"Norton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000056","article-title":"SNP-sites: rapid efficient extraction of SNPs from multi-FASTA alignments","volume":"2","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D737","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1252","article-title":"BacMet: antibacterial biocide and metal resistance genes database","volume":"42","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03246-7","article-title":"Genomic landscape of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii: a comprehensive analysis of the resistome, virulome, and mobilome","volume":"15","author":"Pearl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2025.100536","article-title":"The evolution of superbugs in space: a genomic perspective on pathogens in the International Space Station environment","volume":"23","author":"Pearl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01456.x","article-title":"Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms and epidemiology","volume":"12","author":"Poirel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp077","article-title":"FastTree: computing large minimum evolution trees with profiles instead of a distance matrix","volume":"26","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"mgen000435","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000435","article-title":"Universal whole-sequence-based plasmid typing and its utility to prediction of host range and epidemiological surveillance","volume":"6","author":"Robertson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000206","article-title":"MOB-suite: software tools for clustering, reconstruction and typing of plasmids from draft assemblies","volume":"4","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050596","article-title":"Pan-resistome insights into the multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"10","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1208046","article-title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt","volume":"13","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Urtaza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000395","article-title":"Detection of ISAba1 in association with a novel allelic variant of the \u03b2-lactamase ADC-82 and class D \u03b2-lactamase genes mediating carbapenem resistance among the clinical isolates of MDR A. baumannii","volume":"66","author":"Saranathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/BIOINFORMATICS\/BTU153","article-title":"Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation","volume":"30","author":"Seemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1332108","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii: an evolving and cunning opponent","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3882","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa250","article-title":"Phigaro: high-throughput prophage sequence annotation","volume":"36","author":"Starikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111367","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii raises global alarm for new antibiotic regimens","volume":"27","author":"Thacharodi","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02413-23","article-title":"Flankophile: a bioinformatic pipeline for prokaryotic genomic synteny analysis","volume":"12","author":"Thorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02090-4","article-title":"Producing polished prokaryotic pangenomes with the Panaroo pipeline","volume":"21","author":"Tonkin-Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02511-23","article-title":"Genomic investigation unveils colistin resistance mechanism in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates","volume":"12","author":"Vijayakumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2025.05.025","article-title":"Genomic insights of the co-existence of blaOXA-23, blaOXA-91, blaNDM-1 harboring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii isolates from the intensive care units environment in Shanghai","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.11.008","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"30","author":"Whiteway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B61","unstructured":"Who Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024\n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000339","article-title":"Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with Kaptive","volume":"6","author":"Wyres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx433","article-title":"ISEScan: automated identification of insertion sequence elements in prokaryotic genomes","volume":"33","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4073-5","article-title":"Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carrying the carbapenemase OXA-23 in ICU of the eastern Heilongjiang Province, China","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.232397.117","article-title":"GrapeTree: visualization of core genomic relationships among 100,000 bacterial pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1886564\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T06:09:13Z","timestamp":1786514953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1886564\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1886564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1886564","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"article-number":"1886564"}}