{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:56:01Z","timestamp":1790916961505,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n remains a paramount global public health threat due to the rapid emergence of multi-drug and pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains transmitted through the food supply chain. This study adopted a One Health cross-sectional framework to investigate the occurrence and biocontrol of PDR\n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n serovars (\n S.<\/jats:italic>\n Enteritidis,\n S.<\/jats:italic>\n Kentucky, and\n S.<\/jats:italic>\n Anatum) isolated from clinical gastroenteritis cases and retail meat products in Egypt.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinical samples (n=20) from gastroenteritis patients were screened for PDR\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n and confirmed via\n invA<\/jats:italic>\n gene PCR in addition to six PDR isolates previously from meat samples. Biocontrol efficacy was evaluated using cell-free spent media (CFSM; postbiotic preparations) derived from a consortium of probiotic strains. Chemical profiling of CFSM was executed via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and biofilm formation were quantified. Host cell invasion was assessed using a gentamicin protection assay in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Ultrastructural alterations were examined via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Transcriptomic mechanisms were elucidated via RT-qPCR targeting biofilm regulators (\n csgD<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n sdiA<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) invasion genes (\n hilA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n invF<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n prgH<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n sipA<\/jats:italic>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n CFSM from\n Lactobacillus helveticus<\/jats:italic>\n EMCC 1654 and\n Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n CCUG 30503 demonstrated marked antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. At sub-inhibitory concentrations (10% v\/v), CFSM significantly attenuated biofilm formation and reduced host-cell invasion efficiency in\n S.<\/jats:italic>\n Kentucky to 0.08% relative to untreated controls. TEM micrographs confirmed severe cell envelope disintegration, membrane detachment, and cytoplasmic leakage in CFSM-treated cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of the master biofilm regulator\n csgD<\/jats:italic>\n (fold-change: 0.002) and the quorum-sensing receptor\n sdiA<\/jats:italic>\n (fold-change: 0.02). Furthermore, key SPI-1 invasion genes were markedly repressed, including\n hilA<\/jats:italic>\n (0.188),\n invF<\/jats:italic>\n (0.001),\n prgH<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n sipA<\/jats:italic>\n (0.037). Quantitative HPLC profiling of\n L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n CCUG 30503 CFSM- the lead candidate for downstream mechanistic analysis- identified a multi-organic acid cocktail dominated by lactic (1.89 mg\/mL), succinic (1.53 mg\/mL), and acetic (1.11 mg\/mL) acids.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n -derived postbiotics (CFSM) function as effective antivirulence agents that disrupt both the transcriptional networks governing biofilm synthesis and SPI-1-mediated host invasion, while physically compromising bacterial cell wall integrity. These findings highlight probiotic CFSM as a sustainable, non-antibiotic strategy to mitigate PDR\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n persistence across the food-to-clinical continuum.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1889179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:36:20Z","timestamp":1790915780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disrupting Salmonella colonization and resistance: probiotic cell-free supernatants inhibit biofilm formation and invasion in meat and human isolates"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Azza S.","family":"El-Demerdash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC)","place":["Zagazig, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mervat A.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University","place":["Benha, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Hazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University","place":["Benha, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University","place":["Benha, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmen F.","family":"Mahran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Natural and Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadil","family":"Alahdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munirah M.","family":"Alhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed G.","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University","place":["Benha, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13664-2","article-title":"SEOH, a novel marine-derived spirostenoid: potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant aquaculture pathogens","volume":"109","author":"Abdelaziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cell free preparations of probiotics exerted antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug resistant E. coli","volume":"26","author":"Abdelhamid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.2001-2005.2000","article-title":"Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane","volume":"66","author":"Alakomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.139012","article-title":"Biocontrol of virulent Listeria monocytogenes using green carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals\u2013silver nano-biohybrids","volume":"290","author":"Al-Shemy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14060575","article-title":"Cellulose nanocrystal\/zinc oxide bio-nanocomposite activity on planktonic and biofilm producing pan drug-resistant Clostridium perfringens isolated from chickens and Turkeys","volume":"14","author":"Amin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010003","article-title":"Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence and genotyping of campylobacter jejuni with a special reference to the anti-virulence potential of eugenol and beta-resorcylic acid on some multi-drug resistant isolates in Egypt","volume":"11","author":"Ammar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04483-8","article-title":"Postbiotics: an insightful review of the latest category in functional biotics","volume":"41","author":"Amobonye","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.938989","article-title":"CRISPRi-mediated suppression of E. coli Nissle 1917 virulence factors: A strategy for creating an engineered probiotic using csgD gene suppression","volume":"9","author":"Azam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation12010033","article-title":"Precision biomanufacturing with lactic acid bacteria: From ancestral fermentations to technological innovation and future prospects for next-generation functional foods","volume":"12","author":"Bustos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"CLSI M100-ED33: 2023 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 33rd Edition","year":"2023"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102291","article-title":"Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of One Health","volume":"73","author":"Despotovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.3288-3305","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from animal-origin foods: Transmission pathways, global surveillance gaps, and alternative therapeutic strategies","volume":"18","author":"Dushayeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00503-18","article-title":"Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 is expressed in the chicken intestine and promotes bacterial proliferation","volume":"87","author":"Eade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10095-1","article-title":"Modulatory effect of competitive exclusion on the transmission of ESBL E. coli in chickens","volume":"16","author":"Ebrahem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1507274","article-title":"Novel silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms","volume":"15","author":"Elashkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2018.64.5.25","article-title":"Molecular analysis of integron gene cassette arrays associated multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry","volume":"64","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Mobile colistin resistance determinants among enterobacteriaceae isolated from different poultry species","volume":"13","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms14071409","article-title":"Cross-species dissemination of pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in humans and poultry in Egypt: Unveiling shared clones, resistance mechanisms, and severe clinical outcomes","volume":"14","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-023-03560-9","article-title":"Evaluation of gene expression related to immunity, apoptosis, and gut integrity that underlies Artemisia\u2019s therapeutic effects in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers","volume":"13","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2023","journal-title":"3 Biotech."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-023-01124-2","article-title":"An alternative approach using nano-garlic emulsion and its synergy with antibiotics for controlling biofilm-producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella in chicken","volume":"63","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/eajbsg.2021.195520","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of different Salmonella serovars isolated from food products of animal origin","volume":"13","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egyptian Acad. J. Biol. Sciences G. Microbiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081818","article-title":"From hue to health: Exploring the therapeutic potential of plant-pigment-enriched extracts","volume":"13","author":"El-Demerdash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030402","article-title":"Combating antibiotic resistance: Mechanisms, multidrug-resistant pathogens, and novel therapeutic approaches: An updated review","volume":"18","author":"Elshobary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"405","article-title":"Measurement of invasion by gentamicin resistance","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Elsinghorst","year":"1994"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens15080788","article-title":"A novel real-time SYBR Green PCR assay for integron profiling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Unveiling the resistance nexus between food and clinical isolates","volume":"15","author":"Emad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5037","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-025-10832-8","article-title":"Postbiotics: Novel modulators of gut health, metabolism, and their mechanisms of action","volume":"18","author":"Eraghieh Farahani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-019-2621-1","article-title":"Assessing inhibitory activity of probiotic culture supernatants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a comparative methodology between agar diffusion, broth culture and microcalorimetry","volume":"35","author":"Fredua-Agyeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-025-00511-y","article-title":"Exploring the potential for competitive exclusion of commensal probiotic candidates against the insidious swine pathogen Brachyspira hyodysenteriae","volume":"8","author":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anim. Microbiome"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15060138","article-title":"Biomolecule-producing probiotic bacterium Lactococcus lactis in free or nanoencapsulated form for endometritis treatment and fertility improvement in buffaloes","volume":"15","author":"Hashem","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Funct. Biomater."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.105938","article-title":"Response mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria under environmental stress and their application in the food industry","volume":"64","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"I S O 6579-1: 2017\/Amd 1: 2020\u2014Microbiology of the Food Chain\u2014Horizontal Method for the Detection, Enumeration and Serotyping of Salmonella\u2014Part 1: Detection of Salmonella Spp","year":"2017"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117597","article-title":"A robust method for monitoring the growth and metabolism of probiotic bacteria in vitro","volume":"221","author":"Janovick","year":"2025","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jimb\/kuaf021","article-title":"Beyond MRS broth: A soytone medium towards affordable culturing of South African vaginal Lactobacillaceae isolates","volume":"52","author":"Jona","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1524287","article-title":"The rise of non-typhoidal Salmonella: an emerging global public health concern","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00399-21","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium spi-1 and spi-2 shape the global transcriptional landscape in a human intestinal organoid model system","volume":"12","author":"Lawrence","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12050746","article-title":"Resistance, tolerance, virulence and bacterial pathogen fitness\u2014current state and envisioned solutions for the near future","volume":"12","author":"Lazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101299","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variants in Southern China: A spatiotemporal and source attribution analysis","volume":"22","author":"Liao","year":"2026","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238348","article-title":"Research progress on small molecular inhibitors of the type 3 secretion system","volume":"27","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-025-00452-0","article-title":"Domestication and market potential of indigenous mushrooms in Nigeria and Kenya through cultivation techniques, nutritional enhancement, and consumer preference analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mafe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Food"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13047","article-title":"Sensing for survival: Specialised regulatory mechanisms of Type III secretion systems in Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"99","author":"Manisha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.9.2131","article-title":"Cooperation between actin-binding proteins of invasive Salmonella: SipA potentiates SipC nucleation and bundling of actin","volume":"20","author":"McGhie","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01651-08","article-title":"Effect of molecules secreted by Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La-5 on Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization","volume":"75","author":"Medellin-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.104320","article-title":"Quorum sensing systems in foodborne Salmonella spp. and corresponding control strategies using quorum sensing inhibitors for food storage","volume":"144","author":"Mi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8899596","article-title":"Prevention and control of human Salmonella enterica infections: An implication in food safety","volume":"2023","author":"Mkangara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36899\/JAPS.2020.2.0050","article-title":"Mechanisms for Salmonella infection and potential management options in chicken","volume":"30","author":"Mkangara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2020.10.002","article-title":"Antibacterial effects of antibiotics and cell-free preparations of probiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with conjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243578","article-title":"Pre-harvest non-typhoidal Salmonella control strategies in commercial layer chickens","volume":"14","author":"Neelawala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42522-021-00035-w","article-title":"Molecular and phenotypic characterization of efflux pump and biofilm in multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from food animals and handlers in Lagos Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Olubisose","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Health Outlook"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.118251","article-title":"Postbiotics as a functional supplement to develop cell culture media for cultivated meat production","volume":"227","author":"Pakbin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0na00189a","article-title":"Amyloid hybrid membranes for bacterial & genetic material removal from water and their anti-biofouling properties","volume":"2","author":"Palika","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029925101155","article-title":"An updated review on advantages, disadvantages and uncertainties associated with probiotics","volume":"92","author":"Pandey","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01349-3","article-title":"Biofilm formation in food processing plants and novel control strategies to combat resistant biofilms: the case of Salmonella spp","volume":"32","author":"Pang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00076-15","article-title":"Stress physiology of lactic acid bacteria","volume":"80","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-026-11073-z","article-title":"Bacillaceae in probiotics and postbiotics: Applications, functional traits, mechanisms and outlook","volume":"227","author":"Parlindungan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0113892010419857251208064650","article-title":"Safety assessment of probiotics and postbiotics: A critical review","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Bio\/Technol"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00281-25","article-title":"Effects of multiple cell regulators on curli gene expression in Escherichia coli","volume":"207","author":"Ratnikava","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10084-4","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity on human macrophages by cell-free supernatants to explore the probiotic and postbiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains of plant origin","volume":"16","author":"Rocchetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240617","article-title":"The Salmonella Typhimurium InvF-SicA complex is necessary for the transcription of sopB in the absence of the repressor H-NS","volume":"15","author":"Romero-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B60","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Application of bacteriophages for biocontrol of extensively drug resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry farms","volume":"13","author":"Saad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1505469","article-title":"Hexagonal zinc oxide nanoparticles: a novel approach to combat multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in feline urinary tract infections","volume":"14","author":"Sewid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00250-22","article-title":"Rhamnolipid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel multitarget candidate against major foodborne E. coli serotypes and methicillin-resistant S. aureus","volume":"10","author":"Sharaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0651","article-title":"Eavesdropping by bacteria: The role of SdiA in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium quorum sensing","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2022.e00760","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Lactobacillus strains secretome and extraction against Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection","volume":"36","author":"Soltani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"B65","first-page":"426","article-title":"Detection of salmonella invA gene in shrimp enrichment culture by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"41","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast. Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases7010028","article-title":"Salmonella infection in chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1027605","article-title":"Comprehensive fruit quality assessment and identification of aroma-active compounds in green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1889179\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:36:35Z","timestamp":1790915795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1889179\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1889179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1889179","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"article-number":"1889179"}}