{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:04:41Z","timestamp":1789535081394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3230227, 1171615, 120836, 1240888, 1210644, 1251598, 1251140, 1151411, 1231773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3230227, 1171615, 120836, 1240888, 1210644, 1251598, 1251140, 1151411, 1231773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gastric infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is associated with extra-gastric pathologies.\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    can promote these pathologies by generating extracellular vesicles (Hp-EVs), which cross biological barriers and access other tissues through the circulation. However, the presence of Hp-EVs in the human circulation has not been demonstrated. We isolated and characterized EVs from serum of non-infected and infected patients, and used immunoblots (IB) to identify markers from host cells EVs (h-EVs) and Hp-EVs. We also assessed the predictive capacity of IB with an anti-Urease subunit B (UreB) antibody to identify true positive cases of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Finally, we compared the diagnostic utility of IB-UreB with other detection methods of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    in blood samples. Thirty symptomatic individuals underwent endoscopy, gastric biopsy and blood tests. Rapid Urease test (RUT), pathological analysis and\n                    <jats:italic>Gastropanel<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00ae (GP) classified 16 cases (53.3%) as\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive. EV markers CD63 and CD81 were detected in all the isolated EVs from the serum of these patients. Moreover, UreB+ EVs were detected in 62.5% of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected patients, providing the first evidence of circulating Hp-EVs in human serum. Among the blood biomarkers evaluated, IB-UreB+ proved to be the best method for diagnosing\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive cases. Furthermore, combining IB-UreB+ with GP increased its diagnostic value. Our findings provide the first evidence of circulating Hp-EVs in human serum, thereby supporting a mechanism for systemic dissemination of bacterial virulence factors. Additionally, their detection in blood samples may enable minimally invasive diagnosis of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1893888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:33:17Z","timestamp":1789533197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating Helicobacter pylori extracellular vesicles in serum as biomarkers of infection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Communication, N\u00facleo Interdisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica, Center for Studies on Extracellular vesicles, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"D\u00edaz-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Communication, N\u00facleo Interdisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica, Center for Studies on Extracellular vesicles, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca","place":["Talca, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Valenzuela-Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Laboratorio de Carcinog\u00e9nesis Molecular, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo J.","family":"Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Farmacol\u00f3gica y Toxicol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Corval\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Departamento de Hematolog\u00eda y Oncolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, P. Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.G.","family":"Quest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Communication, N\u00facleo Interdisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda y Gen\u00e9tica, Center for Studies on Extracellular vesicles, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM). 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