{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T06:02:49Z","timestamp":1784872969816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Carbapenem\u2212resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRAB) is a major threat to hospitalised patients, particularly in intensive care units and orthopaedic wards where implant\u2212associated infections are common. However, the genomic and biofilm characteristics of CRAB in orthopaedic specialty hospitals remain poorly understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 97 non-duplicate CRAB isolates collected between 2024 and 2025 were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK-2 system, and biofilm formation was quantitatively assessed by the crystal violet method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was carried out on the Illumina platform to analyse multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular types, resistance genes and virulence genes. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ST2 was the dominant clone (95.88%) among the 97 isolates, and KL3 was the most prevalent capsular type (83.51%). All isolates carried intrinsic\n                      <jats:italic>blaOXA-51-like<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes, predominantly\n                      <jats:italic>blaOXA-66<\/jats:italic>\n                      (95.88%). The most common acquired carbapenemase gene was\n                      <jats:italic>blaOXA-23<\/jats:italic>\n                      (98.97%), and two isolates carried metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL) genes (\n                      <jats:italic>blaNDM-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>blaNDM-5<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively). All isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype, with low resistance rates to tigecycline (6.19%) and minocycline (7.22%), and all remained susceptible to colistin. Strong biofilm formers accounted for 91.75% of isolates, and the carriage rates of biofilm-associated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>csuABCDE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>pgaABCD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) exceeded 90%. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolates into three clonal clades, with the majority (88.66%) falling into Clade C (ST2\/KL3). This clade had been circulating in China as an outbreak lineage since 2018, gradually replacing Clade B (ST2\/KL2), and became the dominant clone in 2024\u20132025.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRAB isolates in this orthopaedic specialty hospital are dominated by the ST2\/KL3 clone, which carries multiple resistance and virulence genes, exhibits a remarkably strong biofilm-forming ability, and shows a capsular switch trend from KL2 to KL3. Enhanced molecular surveillance of this dominant clone and increased attention to anti-biofilm strategies for orthopaedic implant-related infections are strongly recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1904047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:35:43Z","timestamp":1784871343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a specialized orthopaedic hospital in Southeast China, with phenotypic analysis of biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Maternity And Child Health Care Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second General Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.17.633615","article-title":"Identification of evolutionary trade-offs associated with high-level colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"133","author":"Acharya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.16-0139","article-title":"Investigation of the virulence factors and molecular characterization of the clonal relations of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates","volume":"100","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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