{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:04:33Z","timestamp":1789538673190,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchiectasis is a common structural lung disease associated with pulmonary nocardiosis (PN), but the differences between PN patients with and without bronchiectasis remain insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-center retrospective study of hospitalized patients with PN at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2012 to December 2024. Patients were grouped by bronchiectasis status, and their clinical, radiological, and microbiological features were compared. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 154 patients, 86 (55.8%) had bronchiectasis. Of 162\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates,\n                      <jats:italic>N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>N. abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the most commonly identified species. Patients with bronchiectasis more frequently had hemoptysis (40.7% vs. 13.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt;0.001) and tree-in-bud signs (11.6% vs. 2.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.046), but less frequently had respiratory failure (10.5% vs. 26.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.022) and had shorter hospital stays (12.62 \u00b1 9.01 vs. 16.96 \u00b1 10.84 days,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.007). Patients without bronchiectasis more frequently had type 2 diabetes, bronchial asthma, and several parenchymal or pleural imaging findings. In multivariable analysis, hemoptysis was positively associated with bronchiectasis [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 5.407; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.185\u201313.382], whereas type 2 diabetes (adjusted OR, 0.320; 95% CI, 0.115\u20130.888) and bronchial asthma (adjusted OR, 0.166; 95% CI, 0.030\u20130.928) were negatively associated with bronchiectasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PN showed distinct clinical and radiological patterns according to bronchiectasis status. Greater diagnostic attention may be warranted in patients without bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1910396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:30:43Z","timestamp":1789536643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics of pulmonary nocardiosis in patients with and without bronchiectasis: a single-center retrospective comparative study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Songsong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Emergency and Critical Care Medical Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenru","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine, Beijing Changping Nankou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department II of Internal Medicine, Beijing Changping Nankou Hospital","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.19.2.259-282.2006","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of the Nocardia spp. based on current molecular taxonomy","volume":"19","author":"Brown-Elliott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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