{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:21:00Z","timestamp":1787721660559,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    represent a growing global threat, driven by escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and sustained virulence. However, the regulatory mechanisms linking these two phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we identify\n                    <jats:italic>EprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a previously uncharacterized YjbI-type pentapeptide repeat protein (PRP), a locus that our data suggest may influence metabolic and transcriptional profiles in clinical BSI\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Genomic screening of 85 clinical BSI strains reveals that\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    is present in 21.2% of isolates, often within distinct genomic contexts suggestive of mobile acquisition. Using \u03bb-Red recombineering, we constructed\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockout mutants. Loss of\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    is associated with altered antimicrobial resistance profiles, increasing susceptibility to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. This phenotype is consistent with upregulation of outer membrane porin genes (\n                    <jats:italic>ompC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ompF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and downregulation of multidrug efflux pump genes (\n                    <jats:italic>macB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mdtC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>emrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and two-component regulatory system genes.\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency also appears to correlate with attenuated virulence in our assays, as evidenced by improved survival of\n                    <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae (65\u201395% at 72\u00a0h post-infection vs. 40\u201360% for wild-type strains) and reduced adhesion to and invasion of human HeLa cells. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    carriage is associated with broad, coordinated shifts in the expression of genes involved in LPS transport (\n                    <jats:italic>lptG<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>lptF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), type ;II secretion system components (\n                    <jats:italic>gspD<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>gspE<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>gspF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), autotransporter adhesins (\n                    <jats:italic>ag43<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and flagellar assembly, suggesting potential disruptions in outer-membrane integrity, biofilm formation, and virulence programs. Our data suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>eprX<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a genetic locus whose presence correlates with concurrent shifts in resistance maintenance and virulence traits, representing a putative adaptive node within the\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    fitness landscape.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1919001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:52:46Z","timestamp":1787719966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EprX associates with concurrent shifts in antimicrobial resistance and virulence in clinical bloodstream E. coli: a putative adaptive node for bacterial fitness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Afeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaochen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinliang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunnan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, First People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Disease Department, First People\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longwen","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital","place":["Huzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Zero Magnetic Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Huzhou Normal University","place":["Huzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01155-0","article-title":"The role of bacterial metabolism in antimicrobial resistance","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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