{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:13:43Z","timestamp":1788416023530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Secondary metabolites are promising alternatives due to their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial and antiviral effects. Wild plants, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum elaeagnifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cav (Silverleaf Nightshade), harbor endophytic microorganisms that represent an untapped source of such bioactive compounds. In the present study, four bacterial endophytes were isolated from the leaves of\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum elaeagnifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cav (LS1, LS2, LS3, and LS4), and their extracts (S1, S2, S3, and S4) were prepared. Extract S4 showed both qualitative and quantitative inhibitory activity against a broad range of standard and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Moreover, it showed significant antiviral effects against Adenovirus serotype 7 and Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2. The endophytic bacterium LS4 was identified microscopically, biochemically, and via whole-genome sequencing as\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spizizenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    CCASU-2025-89. Cytotoxic assessment of S4 revealed a CC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 80.71 \u03bcg\/mL and a safe concentration of 6.23 \u03bcg\/mL. Whole-genome analysis revealed conserved biosynthetic gene clusters of antimicrobial peptides including bacilysin, subtilin, mycosubtilin, bacillaene, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, and Pulcherriminic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that endophytic bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus spizizenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum elaeagnifolium<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents a promising resource for developing new antimicrobial and antiviral therapeutics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1929148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:23:28Z","timestamp":1788413008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic insights and evaluation of Bacillus spizizenii Endophyte from Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav against multidrug-resistant pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Merihan S.","family":"Sabra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University","place":["Giza, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina Jamil M.","family":"Abdel-Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University","place":["Giza, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr S.","family":"Bishr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hesham Ali","family":"El Enshasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre in Agritechnology in Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Higher Education Hup","place":["Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H","family":"Al-Agamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled M.","family":"Aboshanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2023.e00799","article-title":"Extraction and characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from lactic acid bacteria and evaluating their antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity","volume":"38","author":"Abdel-Nasser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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