{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:01:07Z","timestamp":1793318467026,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202601ZYTS516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202601ZYTS516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004032","name":"Jilin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025QM13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025QM13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Newer antibiotics have expanded treatment options for drug-resistant Gram-negative infections, but registration evidence is dominated by syndrome-based trials and post-approval evidence by heterogeneous observational cohorts. Translation to immunocompromised patients remains uncertain because profound neutropenia, transplantation, cell-targeted therapy, organ dysfunction, impaired source control, and limited immune-mediated clearance change both the probability and consequences of treatment failure. This critical narrative Review integrates 27 pivotal-trial protocol identifiers included in a predefined evidence map, immune-phenotype-specific cohorts, contemporary guidance, pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic evidence, and treatment-emergent resistance reports for a bounded core set of newer agents first authorized in the United States or European Union between 2014 and 2025, including newer \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase-inhibitor combinations, cefiderocol, sulbactam\u2013durlobactam, aztreonam\u2013avibactam, and selected non-\u03b2-lactams. Fifteen of 27 pivotal protocols explicitly excluded at least one major immune phenotype or threshold; 11 had unresolved immune-host enrollment, and one enrolled immunocompromised patients but pooled distinct immune phenotypes. None reported comparative outcomes resolved to a defined immune phenotype. Phenotype-specific post-approval evidence was concentrated in hematological malignancy\/profound neutropenia and solid-organ transplantation, whereas direct treatment-outcome evidence was sparse or absent for solid tumors, cellular therapies including CAR-T, advanced HIV infection, inborn errors of immunity\/primary immunodeficiencies, and pediatric immunocompromised patients. We therefore separate phenotype-specific transportability from methodological credibility rather than treating directness as an overall certainty grade. The Review then synthesizes treatment by resistance mechanism and applies a host\u2013pathogen\u2013drug\u2013context framework to empirical selection, diagnostics, exposure optimization, source control, de-escalation, relapse, and resistance. The resulting evidence map supports mechanism-active therapy while making the limits of transfer auditable and defining priorities for standardized phenotype reporting and pragmatic enrollment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1947603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:16:53Z","timestamp":1788344213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Newer antibiotics for drug-resistant Gram-negative infections in immunocompromised hosts: from pivotal trials to high-risk practice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhen","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueyao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University","place":["Changchun, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31322","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82795-9","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in HSCT recipients and acute leukemia patients post induction chemotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Abi Frem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02313-19","article-title":"Meropenem-Vaborbactam versus Ceftazidime-Avibactam for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections","volume":"64","author":"Ackley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00619-X","article-title":"Empirical and targeted antimicrobial therapy in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological Malignancy or after haematopoietic cell transplantation: recommendations from the 10th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia","volume":"26","author":"Averbuch","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106571","article-title":"Epidemiology of resistant bacterial infections in patients with hematological Malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation in Europe: A systematic review by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL)","volume":"91","author":"Baccelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30796-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cefiderocol or best available therapy for the treatment of serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CREDIBLE-CR): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, pathogen-focused, descriptive, phase 3 trial","volume":"21","author":"Bassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02292-21","article-title":"Real-life use of Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam for the treatment of bloodstream infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic hematologic patients: a matched control study (ZENITH Study)","volume":"10","author":"Bergas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-022-01352-z","article-title":"The 2022 update of IUIS phenotypical classification for human inborn errors of immunity","volume":"42","author":"Bousfiha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin.Immunol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004529","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single-dose or multiple-dose cefiderocol in hospitalized pediatric patients three months to less than eighteen years old with infections treated with standard-of-care antibiotics in the PEDI-CEFI phase 2 study","volume":"44","author":"Bradley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002395","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of children \u22653 months to <18 years with complicated urinary tract infection: Results from a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Bradley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30004-4","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam or best available therapy in patients with ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicated urinary tract infections or complicated intra-abdominal infections (REPRISE): a randomised, pathogen-directed, phase 3 study","volume":"16","author":"Carmeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00499-7","article-title":"Aztreonam-avibactam versus meropenem for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (REVISIT): a descriptive, multinational, open-label, phase 3, randomised trial","volume":"25","author":"Carmeli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac117","article-title":"Evaluation of beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring among US health systems with postgraduate year 2 infectious diseases pharmacy residency programs","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990-2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361251362955","article-title":"Impact of ceftazidime-avibactam on mortality in bloodstream infections: a cohort study in patients with acute leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Copaja-Corzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine\n          AVYCAZ- Ceftazidime, Avibactam Powder, for Solution\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine\n          FETROJA- Cefiderocol Sulfate Tosylate Injection, Powder, for Solution\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine\n          ZERBAXA- Ceftolozane and Tazobactam Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, for Solution\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00127-24","article-title":"Cefiderocol heteroresistance associated with mutations in TonB-dependent receptor genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa of clinical origin","volume":"68","author":"Egge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Zavicefta\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"Zerbaxa\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"Fetcroja\n          \n          2026"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06921-9","article-title":"Model-informed precision dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients: a multicentre randomised clinical trial","volume":"48","author":"Ewoldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01016-y","article-title":"Use of cefiderocol in adult patients: descriptive analysis from a prospective, multicenter, cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07154-0","article-title":"Towards model-informed precision dosing of piperacillin: multicenter systematic external evaluation of pharmacokinetic models in critically ill adults with a focus on Bayesian forecasting","volume":"49","author":"Greppmair","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix182","article-title":"Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: clinical effectiveness and evolution of resistance","volume":"65","author":"Haidar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05107-7","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam use in hematology patients: single-center experience","volume":"44","author":"Halacoglu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab089","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of Ceftolozane\/Tazobactam treatment outcomes in immunocompromised patients with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections","volume":"8","author":"Hart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14121300","article-title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam regimens for the treatment of bacteremic and non-bacteremic episodes of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales infections in immunosuppressed patients","volume":"14","author":"Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.28383","article-title":"A network for advancing prevention and treatment of infections among immunocompromised individuals","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004000","article-title":"How I prevent infections in patients receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B-cell Malignancies","volume":"136","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.08.007","article-title":"Shorter antibiotic courses in the immunocompromised: the impossible dream","volume":"29","author":"Imlay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae169","article-title":"Real-world performance of susceptibility testing for cefiderocol: insights from a prospective multicentre study on Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Irigoyen-von-Sierakowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy378","article-title":"Difficult-to-treat resistance in Gram-negative bacteremia at 173 US hospitals: retrospective cohort analysis of prevalence, predictors, and outcome of resistance to all first-line agents","volume":"67","author":"Kadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17034","article-title":"Effect of Cefepime\/Enmetazobactam vs Piperacillin\/Tazobactam on clinical cure and microbiological eradication in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"328","author":"Kaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0438","article-title":"Effect of Meropenem-Vaborbactam vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam on clinical cure or improvement and microbial eradication in complicated urinary tract infection: the TANGO I randomized clinical trial","volume":"319","author":"Kaye","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00184-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sulbactam-durlobactam versus colistin for the treatment of patients with serious infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex: a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority clinical trial (ATTACK)","volume":"23","author":"Kaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035092","article-title":"Developmental pharmacology--drug disposition, action, and therapy in infants and children","volume":"349","author":"Kearns","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.07.019","article-title":"Gut colonization preceding mucosal barrier injury bloodstream infection in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients","volume":"25","author":"Kelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30403-7","article-title":"Ceftolozane-tazobactam versus meropenem for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia (ASPECT-NP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"19","author":"Kollef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02578-18","article-title":"Ceftolozane-Tazobactam population pharmacokinetics and dose selection for further clinical evaluation in pediatric patients with complicated urinary tract or complicated intra-abdominal infections","volume":"63","author":"Larson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00311-1","article-title":"Tackling antimicrobial resistance in people who are immunocompromised: leveraging diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa197","article-title":"Determining the optimal dosing of a novel combination regimen of ceftazidime\/avibactam with aztreonam against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a hollow-fibre infection model","volume":"75","author":"Lodise","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11573-3","article-title":"Cefiderocol therapy among immunocompromised adult patients: a descriptive analysis from a prospective, multicentre cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Lombardi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw133","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection: results from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 program","volume":"62","author":"Mazuski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1807634","article-title":"Plazomicin for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"380","author":"McKinnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz530","article-title":"RESTORE-IMI 1: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing efficacy and safety of imipenem\/relebactam vs colistin plus imipenem in patients with imipenem-nonsusceptible bacterial infections","volume":"70","author":"Motsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV","year":"2025"},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance, to Guide Research, Development, and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance","year":"2024"},{"key":"B50","volume-title":"Global Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Report 2025: WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)","year":"2025"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.025","article-title":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European society of intensive care medicine)","volume":"28","author":"Paul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03573-4","article-title":"Continuous infusion of ceftolozane\/tazobactam is associated with a higher probability of target attainment in patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"38","author":"Pilmis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30554-1","article-title":"Cefiderocol versus imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative uropathogens: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial","volume":"18","author":"Portsmouth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf120","article-title":"Ceftazidime\/avibactam for the treatment of bloodstream infection due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in onco-haematologic neutropenic patients (the TARZAN study)","volume":"80","author":"Sastre-Escola","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae146","article-title":"Frequency of cefiderocol heteroresistance among patients treated with cefiderocol for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections","volume":"6","author":"Shields","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAC-Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01600-22","article-title":"Potential of inaccurate cefiderocol susceptibility results: a CLSI AST Subcommittee Advisory","volume":"61","author":"Simner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4237","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy and safety of eravacycline vs ertapenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections in the Investigating Gram-Negative Infections Treated With Eravacycline (IGNITE 1) trial: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"152","author":"Solomkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1029","article-title":"IGNITE4: results of a phase 3, randomized, multicenter, prospective trial of eravacycline vs meropenem in the treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections","volume":"69","author":"Solomkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ097","article-title":"Ceftolozane\/tazobactam plus metronidazole for complicated intra-abdominal infections in an era of multidrug resistance: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cIAI)","volume":"60","author":"Solomkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections","author":"Tamma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4539","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa803","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing efficacy and safety of imipenem\/cilastatin\/relebactam versus piperacillin\/tazobactam in adults with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (RESTORE-IMI 2 study)","volume":"73","author":"Titov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30747-8","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam versus meropenem in nosocomial pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (REPROVE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"18","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae416","article-title":"Clinical impact of ceftazidime\/avibactam on the treatment of suspected or proven infections in a large cohort of patients with haematological Malignancies: a multicentre observational real-world study","volume":"80","author":"Tumbarello","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801467","article-title":"Once-daily plazomicin for complicated urinary tract infections","volume":"380","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw378","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam versus doripenem for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis: RECAPTURE, a phase 3 randomized trial program","volume":"63","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62220-0","article-title":"Ceftolozane-tazobactam compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary-tract infections, including pyelonephritis: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cUTI)","volume":"385","author":"Wagenlehner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0214-1","article-title":"Effect and safety of meropenem-vaborbactam versus best-available therapy in patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: the TANGO II randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Wunderink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30731-3","article-title":"Cefiderocol versus high-dose, extended-infusion meropenem for the treatment of Gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia (APEKS-NP): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial","volume":"21","author":"Wunderink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20523211.2026.2641111","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ceftazidime\/avibactam versus polymyxin B in liver transplant recipients with carbapenem-resistant organism infections: a real-world cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Policy Pract."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1404404","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and risk factors for mortality in recipients with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli infections after kidney transplantation treated with ceftazidime-avibactam: a retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1947603\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:16:55Z","timestamp":1788344215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1947603\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1947603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1947603","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"article-number":"1947603"}}