{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:49:53Z","timestamp":1791355793010,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urobiome dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of overactive bladder (OAB). In this study, the efficacy of a cranberry supplement for OAB symptoms was investigated, and concurrent urobiome alterations were evaluated in young women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 26 women (median age, 23 years) with OAB (Overactive Bladder Symptom Score [OABSS] \u2265 3), who received either a cranberry supplement (36 mg proanthocyanidins per day) or placebo for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the OABSS reduction rate, and urobiome composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-five participants were included in the analysis. At 4 weeks, the OABSS reduction rate was greater in the cranberry group than in the placebo group (median, 66.7% vs. 40.0%; p = 0.039). At baseline, the urobiome was dominated by\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (median relative abundance, 64.2%). After cranberry supplementation, the relative abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      decreased within the cranberry group (median change, \u22124.39%; p = 0.027; q = 0.096). No compositional changes were observed in the placebo group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cranberry supplementation was associated with greater improvement in OAB symptoms than was observed with placebo in young women, while a decrease in\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      relative abundance was observed within the cranberry group. Given the small sample size of this exploratory pilot trial and the limited species-level resolution of 16S rRNA sequencing, these concurrent findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and warrant further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.umin.ac.jp\/ctr\/<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier UMIN000057544.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1952206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:53:24Z","timestamp":1791352404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of a standardized cranberry supplement on overactive bladder symptoms and urobiome alterations in young women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]},{"name":"Clinical Training Center, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Akagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Akagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohsaku","family":"Yamanouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University","place":["Hirakata, Osaka, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU9.0000000000000395","article-title":"Effect of cranberry juice consumption on the urobiome in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"3","author":"Akagawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"JU Open Plus"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003985","article-title":"The AUA\/SUFU guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder","volume":"212","author":"Cameron","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001384","article-title":"Efficacy of daily intake of dried cranberry 500 mg in women with overactive bladder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"205","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.040","article-title":"A case controlled study examining the bladder microbiome in women with overactive bladder (OAB) and healthy controls","volume":"214","author":"Curtiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10879","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55233-7","article-title":"Lactobacillus crispatus S-layer proteins modulate innate immune response and inflammation in the lower female reproductive tract","volume":"15","author":"Decout","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.165646","article-title":"Quorum sensing molecules as a novel microbial factor impacting muscle cells","volume":"1866","author":"De Spiegeleer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15226","article-title":"Heterogeneity of placebo effects on urinary incontinence in overactive bladder syndrome: a meta-analysis of Japanese placebo-controlled clinical trials","volume":"30","author":"Hara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Urol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.04.016","article-title":"Could reduced fluid intake cause the placebo effect seen in overactive bladder clinical trials? Analysis of a large solifenacin integrated database","volume":"106","author":"Herschorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.02.042","article-title":"Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome\u2014overactive bladder symptom score","volume":"68","author":"Homma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.09.019","article-title":"Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study","volume":"50","author":"Irwin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051199","article-title":"Differences in the urinary microbiome of patients with overactive bladder syndrome with and without detrusor overactivity on urodynamic measurements","volume":"13","author":"Javan Balegh Marand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life. (Basel)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-022-00990-0","article-title":"Interplay between bladder microbiota and overactive bladder symptom severity: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Urol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2011.99","article-title":"The placebo effect in overactive bladder syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Mangera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2025.03.050","article-title":"Urobiome and inflammation: a systematic review on microbial imbalances and diagnostic tools for urinary disorders","volume":"200","author":"Palumbo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00475-20","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the adult female lower urinary tract microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25276","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of urinary incontinence prevalence and population estimates","volume":"43","author":"Sadri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001440","article-title":"Persistence and adherence of anticholinergics and beta-3 agonist for the treatment of overactive bladder: systematic review and meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis","volume":"205","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00488","article-title":"Urinary microbiome and psychological factors in women with overactive bladder","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256992","article-title":"Consumption of cranberry as adjuvant therapy for urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1952206\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:53:25Z","timestamp":1791352405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1952206\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1952206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2026.1952206","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-2988"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-2988","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"1952206"}}