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Cognit."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we employed a combined electromagnetic recording technique, i.e., electroencephalogram (EEG)\/event-related potentials (ERPs) plus <jats:italic>standardized weighted low-resolution electromagnetic tomography<\/jats:italic> (swLORETA), to investigate the neural mechanism subserving the orthographic processing of symbols in language and music. While much is known about word processing, the current literature remains inconclusive regarding music reading, as its mechanisms appear to be left lateralized in some cases (as suggested by music-alexia clinical case reports) and either right-sided or bilateral in others, depending on the study and the methodology used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 90 right-handed participants with varying musical abilities and sexes performed an attentional selection task that involved the recognition of target letters and musical notes, while their EEG signals were recorded from 128 sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occipito\/temporal N170 component of ERPs (170\u2013210 ms) was found strictly left-sided during letter selection and bilateral (with a right-hemispheric tendency) during note selection. Source reconstruction data indicated the preponderant engagement of the right posterior fusiform gyrus (BA19) for processing musical notes. Also involved were other brain regions belonging to the word reading circuit, including the left-sided <jats:italic>visual word form area<\/jats:italic> (VWFA) and <jats:italic>frontal eye-fields<\/jats:italic> (FEFs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This finding provides an explanation for the infrequent appearance of musical alexia cases (previously observed only in patients with left hemispheric lesions). It also suggests how musical literacy could be a rehabilitative and preventive factor for dyslexia, by promoting neuroplasticity and bilaterality in the reading areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcogn.2024.1323220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T12:12:53Z","timestamp":1705493573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The key role of the right posterior fusiform gyrus in music reading: an electrical neuroimaging study on 90 readers"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Alice Mado","family":"Proverbio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Arcuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta Maria","family":"Pantaleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Zani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirella","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898800","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.898800","article-title":"Typical and atypical development of visual expertise for print as indexed by the visual word N1 (N170w): a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Amora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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