{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:06:02Z","timestamp":1789535162092,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cognit."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined associations between physical activity, physical fitness, and academic achievement in school-aged children, considering potential sex differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 126 schoolchildren (12.2 \u00b1 0.4 years) participated in this cross-sectional study and were classified as physically active (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 63) or non-active (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 63) based on self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire\u2013Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Children reporting \u2265300 min\/week of MVPA were classified as active. Physical fitness was assessed using the medicine ball throw, Stork balance, and handgrip strength. Peak height velocity (PHV) was estimated using Moore's equations, and academic achievement was assessed using mathematics percentage scores. Two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlations examined group differences and associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Active children had lower body mass than non-active children (boys: 47.2 \u00b1 12.9 vs. 53.8 \u00b1 15.0 kg; girls: 50.6 \u00b1 9.5 vs. 53.8 \u00b1 15.7 kg;\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4.2,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.37). Mathematics scores were higher in active children (boys: 90.2 \u00b1 5.8 vs. 76.3 \u00b1 7.9%; girls: 89.5 \u00b1 6.2 vs. 77.1 \u00b1 8.1%;\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 96.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.7). Fitness performance was generally higher in active than non-active children (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2265 3.98,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.048,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2265 0.36). Significant sex effects were observed for medicine ball throw and handgrip strength, with no significant group \u00d7 sex interactions. Active boys reported the highest vigorous activity (1,209 \u00b1 732 METs\/week) and lowest sedentary time (2.6 \u00b1 1.3 h\/day). Sedentary time was moderately negatively correlated with mathematics scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas total MET-min\/week showed a trivial positive correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.049).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physically active children demonstrated higher physical fitness and mathematics achievement than non-active peers. These findings support cross-sectional associations among physical activity, physical fitness, sedentary behavior, and mathematics achievement. However, because of the cross-sectional design and the absence of statistical control for potential confounding factors such as biological maturation, causal or independent relationships cannot be inferred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcogn.2026.1903208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:28:54Z","timestamp":1789532934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between physical activity, physical fitness, sedentary behavior, and mathematics achievement in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Souhail","family":"Hermassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University","place":["Doha, Qatar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayat","family":"Alshaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University","place":["Doha, Qatar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla","family":"Alneama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University","place":["Doha, Qatar"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Ketelhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern","place":["Bern, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"van den Tillaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Nord University","place":["Levanger, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2025.03.011","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of 2nd\u201312th grade students' physical activity related to academic achievement","volume":"8","author":"Alfaro-Chaverri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med. 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