{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:47:57Z","timestamp":1753890477412,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"Background:<\/jats:bold> Due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a need for precise donning and doffing protocols for personal protective equipment (PPE) among healthcare infrastructures is paramount. Procedures involving the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) are routinely non-aerosolizing but have the potential for rapid patient deterioration, creating the need for aerosolizing generating procedures. Multiple societal and governmental guidelines on the use of PPE during medical procedures are available on Internet websites; however, there is limited literature available in peer-reviewed formats in this context. This study aims to provide an overview of current PPE donning and doffing protocols specific to the catheterization laboratory.<\/jats:p>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A series of internet searches regarding donning and doffing of PPE in the CCL including published articles and internet protocols were compiled and compared using Pubmed.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, Google.com<\/jats:ext-link>, www.twitter.com<\/jats:ext-link>, and www.youtube.com<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>Results:<\/jats:bold> Most institutions used N95 masks, shoe covers, at least one head covering, face shield or goggles, two pairs of gloves, and inner and outer gowns. Doffing variation was greater than donning. Doffing has the potential to contaminate the healthcare worker (HCW), and therefore, this step of PPE management requires further study. Common steps in temporal priority included cleaning of gloved hands, removal of outer (or only) gown, removal of outer gloves, repeat gloved hand cleaning, removal of facial PPE last, and a final non-gloved hand cleaning.<\/jats:p>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This analysis provides a summary of commonly used practices that may be considered when designing CCL-specific PPE protocols. Analysis of consistent steps from the literature led the authors to formulate a suggested protocol for CCL HCWs when performing procedures on patients with confirmed or suspected\/unknown COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.652298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T04:32:27Z","timestamp":1620880347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Personal Protective Equipment and Donning and Doffing Techniques in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From an Internet Search for Protocols"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Haloot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Dollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heta","family":"Javeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendre Jeannetta","family":"Fichardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"journal-title":"COVID-19 Cath Lab Implications: Frontline View From Italy","year":"","author":"Tarantini","key":"B1"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30458-8","article-title":"Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"20","author":"Bielicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis."},{"year":"","key":"B3"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.036","article-title":"Risk of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: an experience in a general ward setting in Hong Kong","volume":"105","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.06.009","article-title":"COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: a review of current data, summary of best practices, outline of controversies, and illustrative case reports","volume":"226","author":"Prasad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"journal-title":"COVID-19 Surveillance Group. Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Dying in Italy: Report Based on Available Data on Rome, Italy","year":"2020","author":"Luigi Palmieri","key":"B6"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.20589","article-title":"Infection control guidelines for the cardiac catheterization laboratory: society guidelines revisited","volume":"67","author":"Chambers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv."},{"key":"B8","unstructured":"Implementing Filtering Facepiece Respirator (FFR) Reuse Including Reuse after Decontamination When There Are Known Shortages of N95 Respirators"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.652298\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T04:32:30Z","timestamp":1620880350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.652298\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.652298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.652298","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-055X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"article-number":"652298"}}