{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:18:55Z","timestamp":1789060735965,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> A more extensively fibrotic left atrium contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence, persistence, and recurrence. The soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) has emerged as a ventricular fibrotic biomarker for patients with heart failure. The present study is to investigate associations between circulating sST2 and risk of recurrence after ablation in AF patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We measured the baseline plasma level of sST2 from patients with persistent AF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 117) and paroxysmal AF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 93) patients. Patients were followed up for 15 months after ablation. The relationship between circulating sST2 and recurrence was assessed by multivariable Cox regression. The cutoff value of sST2 was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve. The relationship between baseline sST2 level and left atrial volume index (LAVI) was assessed by multivariate linear regression analysis. Serial sST2 measurements were also conducted after 24 h, 6 months, and 15 months of ablation. ST2 localization was examined in left atrial appendages of persistent AF patients by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Baseline sST2 positively associated with LAVI in the persistent AF group, and elevated sST2 (\u226539.25 ng\/ml) independently increased the risk of recurrence after ablation (area under the curve = 0.748), with hazard ratio of 1.038 (95% confidence interval 1.017\u20131.060, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) when adjusted for co-variables. In contrast, elevated sST2 cannot predict recurrence in paroxysmal AF.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> In persistent AF patients, increased sST2 serves as a marker of recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Patients with sST2 \u2265 39.25 ng\/ml are more likely to develop recurrence within a year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.653312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T04:54:32Z","timestamp":1623905672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Circulating Soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 Predicts Recurrence After Radiofrequency Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ruopeng","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Long","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"qcaa061","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors for atrial fibrillation, 1990\u20132017: results from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes.","author":"Dai","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317656","article-title":"Trends of global burden of atrial fibrillation\/flutter from global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"HEART."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021375","article-title":"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"347","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708789","article-title":"Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure","volume":"358","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02170.x","article-title":"A novel finding of the atrial substrate properties and long-term results of catheter ablation in chronic atrial fibrillation patients with left atrial spontaneous echo contrast","volume":"23","author":"Hartono","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl548","article-title":"Complete isolation of the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium in chronic atrial fibrillation. 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