{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T20:53:18Z","timestamp":1774817598136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Simulation-based training in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) seems promising. However, data are limited to non-randomized or single-center studies. To assess the impact of simulation-based vs. traditional teaching on TEE knowledge and performance for medical residents in cardiology.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> Nationwide prospective randomized multicenter study involving 43 centers throughout France allowing for the inclusion of &amp;gt;70% of all French cardiology residents. All cardiology residents naive from TEE will be included. Randomization with stratification by center will allocate residents to either a control group receiving theoretical knowledge by e-learning only, or to an intervention group receiving two simulation-based training sessions on a TEE simulator in addition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> All residents will undergo both a theoretical test (0\u2013100 points) and a practical test on a TEE simulator (0\u2013100 points) before and 3 months after the training. Satisfaction will be assessed by a 5-points Likert scale. The primary outcomes will be to compare the scores in the final theoretical and practical tests between the two groups, 3 months after the completion of the training.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Data regarding simulation-based learning in TEE are limited to non-randomized or single-center studies. The randomized multicenter SIMULATOR study will assess the impact of simulation-based vs. traditional teaching on TEE knowledge and performance for medical residents in cardiology, and whether such an educational program should be proposed in first line for TEE teaching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.661355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T04:17:55Z","timestamp":1621829875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rational and Design of the SIMULATOR Study: A Multicentre Randomized Study to Assess the Impact of SIMULation-bAsed Training on Transoesophageal echocardiOgraphy leaRning for Cardiology Residents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Th\u00e9o","family":"Pezel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoan","family":"Lavie Badie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Dreyfus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Audureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohann","family":"Bohbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee S.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Monteil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Bi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Le Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Canu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Ribeyrolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Mion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basile","family":"Mouhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Bazire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Fauvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Ternacle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cautela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Th\u00e9o","family":"Cambet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Le Tourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Donal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Lafitte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mansencal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustin","family":"Coisne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.04.014","article-title":"COCATS 4 task force 5: training in echocardiography: endorsed by the American Society of echocardiography","volume":"28","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew333","article-title":"EACVI appropriateness criteria for the use of transthoracic echocardiography in adults: a report of literature and current practice review","volume":"18","author":"Steeds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu015","article-title":"Recommendations for transoesophageal echocardiography: EACVI update (2014)","volume":"15","author":"Flachskampf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2019.06.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a self-training programme in focus cardiac ultrasound with simulator","volume":"112","author":"Bernard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20127","article-title":"The utility of simulation in medical education: what is the evidence?","volume":"76","author":"Okuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med N Y."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2020.03.010","article-title":"How simulation teaching is revolutionizing our relationship with cardiology","volume":"113","author":"Pezel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02394.x","article-title":"The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions","volume":"40","author":"Bradley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Educ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez299","article-title":"EACVI Communication paper: first international young dedicated multimodal cardiovascular imaging simulation education event organized by the ESC","volume":"21","author":"Pezel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J - Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2019.12.023","article-title":"Moving into a new era for echocardiography education with simulation and workshop-based training","volume":"2","author":"Dreyfus","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep."},{"key":"B10","unstructured":""},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-0081-x","article-title":"Transesophageal echocardiography simulation is an effective tool in teaching psychomotor skills to novice echocardiographers","volume":"61","author":"Sohmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth J Can Anesth."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.08.008","article-title":"Effects of transesophageal echocardiography simulator training on learning and performance in cardiovascular medicine fellows","volume":"26","author":"Damp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12261","article-title":"The impact of internet and simulation-based training on transoesophageal echocardiography learning in anaesthetic trainees: a prospective randomised study","volume":"68","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000063","article-title":"Simulator training enhances resident performance in transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"120","author":"Ferrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17072","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017072","article-title":"Resident performance in basic perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: comparing 3 teaching methods in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"98","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2011-301314","article-title":"Simulation-based learning in cardiovascular medicine: benefits for the trainee, the trained and the patient","volume":"98","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Br Card Soc."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2012.31.5.785","article-title":"Role of simulation-based education in ultrasound practice training","volume":"31","author":"Sidhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.12.011","article-title":"Ideal sequence of didactic lectures and simulation in teaching transesophageal echocardiography among anesthesiologists","volume":"34","author":"Thampi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12903","article-title":"Simulation-based teaching versus point-of-care teaching for identification of basic transoesophageal echocardiography views: a prospective randomised study","volume":"70","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0132-x","article-title":"The use of computerized echocardiographic simulation improves the learning curve for transesophageal hemodynamic assessment in critically ill patients","volume":"6","author":"Prat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.08.014","article-title":"Utility of a transesophageal echocardiographic simulator as a teaching tool","volume":"25","author":"Bose","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.04.032","article-title":"Simulation-based learning of transesophageal echocardiography in cardiothoracic surgical trainees: A prospective, randomized study","volume":"150","author":"Smelt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002351","article-title":"Impact of simulator-based training in focused transesophageal echocardiography: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"Bloch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2012.06.006","article-title":"Comparing video games and laparoscopic simulators in the development of laparoscopic skills in surgical residents","volume":"69","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Educ."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02528.x","article-title":"Effect of practice on standardised learning outcomes in simulation-based medical education","volume":"40","author":"McGaghie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Educ."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13411","article-title":"Implementing economic evaluation in simulation-basedmedical education: challenges and opportunities","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Educ."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11430","article-title":"Contamination in trials of educational interventions","volume":"11","author":"Keogh-Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess Winch Engl."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.661355\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T04:17:58Z","timestamp":1621829878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.661355\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.661355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.661355","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"article-number":"661355"}}