{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:48:11Z","timestamp":1753890491034,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> An increased hemoglobin (Hb) level may have detrimental effects on hepatic steatosis (HS) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated Hb's effect on incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in the context of hepatic steatosis (HS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> We assessed 17,521 non-diabetic participants and retrospectively screened for IHD using the Korea National Health Insurance data. High Hb was defined as Hb levels \u226516.3 g\/dL in men and 13.9 g\/dL in women (&amp;gt;75th percentile). The participants were divided into five groups: reference (group 1), mild HS only (group 2), mild HS and high Hb (group 3), severe HS only (group 4), and severe HS and high Hb (group 5). We assessed hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models over 50 months from the baseline survey.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> During the follow-up period, 330 (1.9%) participants developed IHD (310 angina pectoris and 20 myocardial infarction). Compared with the reference group (group 1), the HRs for IHD were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.75\u20131.46) in group 2, 1.14 (95% CI, 0.70\u20131.85) in group 3, 1.58 (95% CI, 1.08\u20132.32) in group 4, and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.15\u20132.80) in group 5, after adjusting for IHD risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> We found the combined effect of HS and Hb levels on the incidence of IHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.677040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T05:46:35Z","timestamp":1622180795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal Effect of Hemoglobin Concentration With Incident Ischemic Heart Disease According to Hepatic Steatosis Status Among Koreans"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dong Hyuk","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoungjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.014","article-title":"Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.034","article-title":"Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired 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