{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:49:24Z","timestamp":1777038564095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but lethal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of VSR patients and explored the risk factors for long-term mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this single-center cohort study, 127 patients diagnosed with post-AMI VSR between May 2012 and April 2019 were included. Demographic, clinical, operative, and outcome data were collected. The 30-day and long-term mortality were outcomes of interest. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to explore the predictors of long-term mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The mean age of the VSR cohort was 66.6 \u00b1 8.7 years, 67 (52.8%) were males. Among the 127 patients, 78 patients (61.4%) were medically managed, 31 (24.4%) patients underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure (TCC), and 18 (14.2%) patients received surgical repair. The median follow-up time was 1129 days [interquartile range: 802\u20132019 days]. The 30-day mortality of the medically managed group, percutaneous TCC group, and surgical management group was 93.6, 22.6, and 11.1%, respectively; and the long-term mortality was 96.2, 25.8, and 22.2%, respectively. VSR repair treatment including surgical management (HR 0.01, 95% CI 0.001\u20130.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and percutaneous TCC (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) was associated with a better prognosis, and cardiogenic shock (CS) (HR 9.30, 95% CI 3.38\u201325.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) was an independent risk factor of long-term mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The prognosis of VSR patients without operative management remains poor, especially in those complicated with CS. Timely and improved surgery treatment is needed for better outcomes in VSR patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.679148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T04:41:48Z","timestamp":1631508108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Contemporary Prognosis of Ventricular Septal Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Single-Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Zhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian-Zeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.1.27","article-title":"Risk 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