{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:21:46Z","timestamp":1783455706579,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Among the causes of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> diagnosed cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) plays a minor role, with an occurrence of 50,000\u2013100,000 cases per annum in the United States. In clinical practice, a differentiation of a TTC toward an ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) or a dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCMP) appears to be challenging, especially in a subacute setting or in atypical types of TTC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> To investigate this issue, we analyzed serum levels of sST2, GDF-15, suPAR, HFABP, and clinical parameters including echocardiography in 51 patients with TTC, 52 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) and 65 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> sST-2 seemed to be the most promising biomarker for prediction of a TTC in differential diagnosis to an ICMP (AUC: 0.879, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &amp;lt; 0.001, Cut off values: 12,140.5 pg\/ml) or to a DCMP (AUC: 0.881, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &amp;lt; 0.001, cut off value: 14521.9 pg\/ml). GDF-15 evidenced a slightly lower AUC for prediction of a TTC in differential diagnosis to an ICMP (AUC: 0.626, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.028) and to a DCMP (AUC: 0.653, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). A differential diagnostic value was found for H-FABP in the prediction of a DCMP compared to TTC patients (AUC: 0.686, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &amp;lt; 0.001). In propensity score matching for left ventricular ejection fraction, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, differences in the plasma levels of sST2 and H-FABP in the matched cohort of TTC vs. DCMP remained statistically significant. In the matched cohort of TTC vs. ICMP, differences in sST2 also remained statistically significant<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> As medical therapy, long term prognosis, interval of follow-ups, rehabilitation program and recommendations differ completely between TTC and ICMP\/DCMP, biomarkers for differential diagnosis, or rather for confirmation of diagnosis, are warranted in cases of cardiomyopathies with unsure origin. sST-2, GDF-15 and H-FABP might facilitate the classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.700169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T15:45:11Z","timestamp":1635954311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Selected Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and the Most Frequent 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