{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:23:20Z","timestamp":1792092200373,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the world with a significant impact on the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify prematurity among patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on the clustering of CHD risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Patients were recruited from an existing cohort of candidates for CABG surgery named Tehran Heart Center Coronary Outcome Measurement (THC-COM). A latent class analysis (LCA) model was formed using 11 potential risk factors as binary variables: cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of CHD, alcohol use, opium addiction, hypertension, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLP). We analyzed our data to figure out how the patients are going to be clustered based on their risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> For 566 patients who were studied, the mean age (SD) and BMI of patients were 59.1 (8.9) and 27.3 (4.1), respectively. The LCA model fit with two latent classes was statistically significant (<jats:italic>G2<\/jats:italic> = 824.87, <jats:italic>df<\/jats:italic> = 21, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of patients for Class I and Class II was 55.66 (8.55) and 60.87 (8.66), respectively. Class I (premature) was characterized by a high probability of smoking, alcohol consumption, opium addiction, and a history of MI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and class II by a high probability of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Latent class analysis calculated two groups of severe CHD with distinct risk markers. The younger group, which is characterized by smoking, addiction, and the history of MI, can be regarded as representative of premature CHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.707070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T06:31:12Z","timestamp":1638945072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clusters of the Risk Markers and the Pattern of Premature Coronary Heart Disease: An Application of the Latent Class Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Jahangiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Abbasalizad Farhangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Sarbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (2013)","volume":"385","author":"Naghavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00389-7","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery)","volume":"34","author":"Eagle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Amer Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S261612","article-title":"Direct and indirect costs associated with coronary artery (heart) disease in Tabriz, Iran","volume":"13","author":"Darba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0615-1","article-title":"Estimating the direct costs of ischemic heart disease: evidence from a teaching hospital in Brazil, a retrospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Schlatter","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060388","article-title":"Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Py\u00f6r\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00386-X","article-title":"Screening of family members of patients with premature coronary heart disease. 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