{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:42:26Z","timestamp":1783489346777,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with lengths &amp;gt;200 nt and are involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Exosomes are secreted and produced by various cell types. Exosome contents include various ncRNAs, proteins and lipids. Exosomes are also important mediators of intercellular communication. The proportion of lncRNAs in exosomes is low, but increasing evidence suggests that exosomal lncRNAs play important roles in CVDs. We focused on research progress in exosomal lncRNAs in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac angiogenesis, cardiac aging, rheumatic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease combined with CVD. The potential diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomal lncRNAs in CVDs are summarized based on preclinical studies involving animal and cell models and circulating exosomes in clinical patients. Finally, the challenges and possible prospects of exosomes and exosomal lncRNAs in clinical applications related to CVD are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:11:56Z","timestamp":1625724716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["New Developments in Exosomal lncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B2","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induced by HER2, VEGF, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an updated review","volume-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Therapy.","author":"Wu","year":"2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2019.09.006","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs and repetitive elements: junk or intimate evolutionary partners?","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.047","article-title":"Functional long non-coding RNAs evolve from junk transcripts","volume":"183","author":"Palazzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12900","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15968","article-title":"The biological function and potential mechanism of long non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00085","article-title":"Pseudogene-derived lncRNAs and their miRNA sponging mechanism in human cancer","volume":"8","author":"Lou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends","volume":"200","author":"Raposo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0823-z","article-title":"The decade of exosomal long RNA species: an emerging cancer antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14494","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle long non-coding RNA-mediated crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: tiny molecules, huge roles","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","article-title":"Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions","volume":"22","author":"Statello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.07.003","article-title":"Linking long noncoding RNA localization and function","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.022","article-title":"Angiogenic lncRNAs: a potential therapeutic target for ischaemic heart disease","volume":"211","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.10","article-title":"Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function","volume":"17","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.011","article-title":"Functional classification and experimental dissection of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"172","author":"Kopp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0311-8","article-title":"Cellular functions of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"21","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.10.039","article-title":"LncPRESS1 Is a p53-regulated LncRNA that safeguards pluripotency by disrupting SIRT6-mediated de-acetylation of histone H3K56","volume":"64","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228110","article-title":"Airn transcriptional overlap, but not its lncRNA products, induces imprinted Igf2r silencing","volume":"338","author":"Latos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0366-z","article-title":"Introduction to extracellular vesicles: biogenesis, RNA Cargo selection, content, release, and uptake","volume":"36","author":"Abels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003505","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003505","article-title":"Shedding light on extracellular vesicle biogenesis and bioengineering","volume":"8","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Sci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170078","article-title":"Regulation and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and secretion","volume":"62","author":"D'Souza-Schorey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2009.00920.x","article-title":"Multivesicular endosome biogenesis in the absence of ESCRTs","volume":"10","author":"Stuffers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0036-9","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in cancer - implications for future improvements in cancer care","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.58786","article-title":"Potential of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"17","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12226","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27964","article-title":"The clinical impact of exosomes in cardiovascular disorders: from basic science to clinical application","volume":"234","author":"Ghafarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2018.6762","article-title":"Tumor-released lncRNA H19 promotes gefitinib resistance via packaging into exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"40","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol Rep."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-020-1145-5","article-title":"Exosome-mediated lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes trastuzumab resistance through binding with AUF1 and activating ERBB2 translation","volume":"19","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cancer."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24922","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24922","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs harboring miRNA seed regions are enriched in prostate cancer exosomes","volume":"6","author":"Ahadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-018-0506-2","article-title":"Exosomal lncRNA 91H is associated with poor development in colorectal cancer by modifying HNRNPK expression","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32608","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA CCAL transferred from fibroblasts by exosomes promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells","volume":"146","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12043","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12043","article-title":"RNA packaging into extracellular vesicles: an orchestra of RNA-binding proteins?","volume":"10","author":"Fabbiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.03.004","article-title":"Exosome-transmitted lncARSR promotes sunitinib resistance in renal cancer by acting as a competing endogenous RNA","volume":"29","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616161","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.616161","article-title":"The role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in cardiovascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2409-0","article-title":"Exosome-transmitted lncRNA UFC1 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression by EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing of PTEN expression","volume":"11","author":"Zang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26236","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202430","article-title":"Exosomal linc-FAM138B from cancer cells alleviates hepatocellular carcinoma progression via regulating miR-765","volume":"12","author":"Zhuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-0984-4","article-title":"The role of exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-019-0080-7","article-title":"The roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Therapy."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8418407","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8418407","article-title":"Exosomal CircHIPK3 released from hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes regulates cardiac angiogenesis after myocardial infarction","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidat Med Cell Longevity."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7954657","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7954657","article-title":"Exosomal circHIPK3 released from hypoxia-pretreated cardiomyocytes regulates oxidative damage in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells via the miR-29a\/IGF-1 pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0402","article-title":"Roles and functions of exosomal non-coding RNAs in vascular aging","volume":"11","author":"Ni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000974","article-title":"Exosomes-mediated LncRNA ZEB1-as1 facilitates cell injuries by mir-590-5p\/ETS1 axis through the TGF-\u03b2\/smad pathway in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2248","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.145","article-title":"Role of long non-coding RNA-RNCR3 in atherosclerosis-related vascular dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Shan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1642068","article-title":"Loss of exosomal MALAT1 from ox-LDL-treated vascular endothelial cells induces maturation of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis development","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex)."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8982","article-title":"Exosomal MALAT1 derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated endothelial cells promotes M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2508-y","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells promote cardiac infarct healing through reducing cardiomyocyte death and promoting angiogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12945","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15889","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen-induced long non-coding RNA MALAT1 exosomes suppress MicroRNA-92a expression in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Shyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9739258","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9739258","article-title":"Stem cell-derived exosomes prevent aging-induced cardiac dysfunction through a novel exosome\/lncRNA MALAT1\/NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8241","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103136","article-title":"Long-noncoding RNA MALAT1 sponges microRNA-92a-3p to inhibit doxorubicin-induced cardiac senescence by targeting ATG4a","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185406","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185406","article-title":"Exosomal lncRNA GAS5 regulates the apoptosis of macrophages and vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.172977","article-title":"SNHG9, delivered by adipocyte-derived exosomes, alleviates inflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells through suppressing TRADD expression","volume":"872","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1665","article-title":"Exosomal LINC01005 derived from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated endothelial cells regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioFactors."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-1556-7","article-title":"LncRNA-NEAT1 from the competing endogenous RNA network promotes cardioprotective efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes induced by macrophage migration inhibitory factor via the miR-142-3p\/FOXO1 signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00716-0","article-title":"Exosomal LncRNA-NEAT1 derived from MIF-treated mesenchymal stem cells protected against doxorubicin-induced cardiac senescence through sponging miR-221-3p","volume":"18","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3363","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S240660","article-title":"Exosomal lncRNA AK139128 derived from hypoxic cardiomyocytes promotes apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1522-4","article-title":"LncRNA KLF3-AS1 in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorates pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction through miR-138-5p\/Sirt1 axis","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010548","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3010548","article-title":"Exosomes released from CaSR-stimulated PMNs reduce ischaemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"2021","author":"Zhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202520","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202520","article-title":"Transfer of lncRNA UCA1 by hUCMSCs-derived exosomes protects against hypoxia\/reoxygenation injury through impairing miR-143-targeted degradation of Bcl-2","volume":"13","author":"Diao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02783-5","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA UCA1 from hypoxia-conditioned hMSC-derived exosomes: a novel molecular target for cardioprotection through miR-873-5p\/XIAP axis","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.02.005","article-title":"Exosomal LINC00174 derived from vascular endothelial cells attenuates myocardial I\/R injury via p53-mediated autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"23","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucl Acids."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz139","article-title":"Atorvastatin enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in acute myocardial infarction via up-regulating long non-coding RNA H19","volume":"116","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202599","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202599","article-title":"Exosome-derived long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 controls cardiac fibrosis in chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"8383","article-title":"Circulating exosomes and exosomal lncRNA HIF1A-AS1 in atherosclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2376","article-title":"Expression level and diagnostic value of exosomal NEAT1\/miR-204\/MMP-9 in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IUBMB Life."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9388","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15589","article-title":"Circulating exosomal long non-coding RNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9182091","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9182091","article-title":"Circulating exosomal SOCS2-AS1 acts as a novel biomarker in predicting the diagnosis of coronary artery disease","volume":"2020","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio045633","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.045633","article-title":"Genomic analysis of lncRNA and mRNA profiles in circulating exosomes of patients with rheumatic heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Open."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2441","article-title":"Atheroprotective communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells through miRNAs","volume":"14","author":"Hergenreider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107881","article-title":"Macrophage exosomes resolve atherosclerosis by regulating hematopoiesis and inflammation via MicroRNA Cargo","volume":"32","author":"Bouchareychas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30084-1","article-title":"Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement","volume":"7","author":"Neeland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabet Endocrinol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.55","article-title":"Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Rocha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1801011","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201801011","article-title":"A new era of cardiac cell therapy: opportunities and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00137","article-title":"Chemical engineering of cell therapy for heart diseases","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101392","article-title":"Large animal models of cell-free cardiac regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Spannbauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050707","article-title":"Novel applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for myocardial infarction therapeutics","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030570","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for heart repair","volume":"11","author":"Saludas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.305990","article-title":"Embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes promote endogenous repair mechanisms and enhance cardiac function following myocardial infarction","volume":"117","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw240","article-title":"Exosomes secreted by cardiosphere-derived cells reduce scarring, attenuate adverse remodelling, and improve function in acute and chronic porcine myocardial infarction","volume":"38","author":"Gallet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht090","article-title":"Myocardial reperfusion injury: looking beyond primary PCI","volume":"34","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.5","article-title":"Ischaemic conditioning and reperfusion injury","volume":"13","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62874","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target","volume":"123","author":"Hausenloy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Investigat."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020269","article-title":"Cardiac exosomes in ischemic heart disease- a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"R\u00f8sand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy231","article-title":"microRNA-423-3p exosomes derived from cardiac fibroblasts mediates the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic post-conditioning","volume":"115","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw547","article-title":"Angiogenic gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases: dream or vision?","volume":"38","author":"Yl\u00e4-Herttuala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-018-9807-z","article-title":"Regenerative therapy for cardiomyopathies","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.26024","article-title":"Angio-LncRs: LncRNAs that regulate angiogenesis and vascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-018-1729-3","article-title":"Approaches to therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic heart disease","volume":"97","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Med."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579892","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.579892","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle miRNAs in the promotion of cardiac neovascularisation","volume":"11","author":"Kesidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.10.011","article-title":"Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration","volume":"100","author":"Witman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-10001-9","article-title":"Therapeutic angiogenesis with exosomal microRNAs: an effectual approach for the treatment of myocardial ischemia","volume":"26","author":"Moghiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Failure Rev"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3290372","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3290372","article-title":"MicroRNA-132, delivered by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, promote angiogenesis in myocardial infarction","volume":"2018","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-019-0286-9","article-title":"Autophagy and cardiac aging","volume":"26","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00018","article-title":"The aging heart: mitophagy at the center of rejuvenation","volume":"7","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9423593","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9423593","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-modulated mtDNA: a potential target for cardiac aging","volume":"2020","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxidat Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00280","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte senescence and cellular communications within myocardial microenvironments","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.053","article-title":"Cardiovascular aging and heart failure: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"74","author":"Triposkiadis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.0522","article-title":"Aging attenuates cardiac contractility and affects therapeutic consequences for myocardial infarction","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9238","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239238","article-title":"Mitochondria and calcium homeostasis: Cisd2 as a big player in cardiac ageing","volume":"21","author":"Yeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061558","article-title":"Targeting cardiac stem cell senescence to treat cardiac aging and disease","volume":"9","author":"Cianflone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105125","article-title":"Role of hydrogen sulfide in cardiovascular ageing","volume":"160","author":"Testai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091408","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles as new players in cellular senescence","volume":"17","author":"Urbanelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aaz8697","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz8697","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles deposit PCNA to rejuvenate aged bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and slow age-related degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01034-x","article-title":"Exosome detection via the ultrafast-isolation system: EXODUS","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7591","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB01499K","article-title":"Exosome: a significant nano-scale drug delivery carrier","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S264498","article-title":"Exosome: a review of its classification, isolation techniques, storage, diagnostic and targeted therapy applications","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-0990-6","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes exosome secretion by regulating RAB35 and SNAP23 in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202148","article-title":"LncRNA HAND2-AS1 suppressed the growth of triple negative breast cancer via reducing secretion of MSCs derived exosomal miR-106a-5p","volume":"13","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.11.004","article-title":"LncRNA NRON promotes M2 macrophage polarization and alleviates atrial fibrosis through suppressing exosomal miR-23a derived from atrial myocytes","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120467","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: a bright star of nanomedicine","volume":"269","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-020-0785-3","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles secreted from human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells possess cardioprotective and promigratory potential","volume":"115","author":"Takov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709169\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:12:02Z","timestamp":1625724722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709169\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709169","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"article-number":"709169"}}