{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:50:03Z","timestamp":1790790603406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008357","name":"Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive program that includes exercise training, titration of medical therapy, lifestyle modification, educational support, and psychosocial assessment. All these components are safe and beneficial resulting in significant improvements in quality of life, functional capacity, mortality, and hospital readmission. Current guidelines support its use in a broad spectrum of cardiac disease. This review focuses on exercise-based CR for heart failure (HF) patients in whom CR is a recommended treatment. Exercise should be prescribed according to a personalized approach, optimizing, and tailoring the rehabilitative program to the patient's characteristics. Specific CR programs are dedicated to older patients, those with HF and preserved ejection fraction, and recipients of cardiac implantable electronic devices or left ventricular assistance device. Telemedicine may increase CR participation and overcome some of the barriers that limit its utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T01:40:04Z","timestamp":1628041204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Future of Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Passantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Adelaide","family":"Dalla Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Corr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Scalvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pistono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bussotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Isabella","family":"Gambarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Scrutinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"La Rovere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000173108.76109.88","article-title":"Executive summary of the position paper of the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): core components of cardiac rehabilitation in chronic heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Corr\u00e0","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(68)90167-7","article-title":"The coronary care unit","volume":"22","author":"Lown","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(53)91495-0","article-title":"Coronary heart-disease and physical activity of work","volume":"262","author":"Morris","year":"1953","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.2.234","article-title":"An overview of randomized trials of rehabilitation with exercise after myocardial infarction","volume":"80","author":"O'Connor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90006-X","article-title":"Prolonged bed rest in the treatment of idiopathic cardiomyopathy","volume":"52","author":"McDonald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.60.5.424","article-title":"Prolonged bed rest in the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"60","author":"Burch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.3.506","article-title":"Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects","volume":"78","author":"Sullivan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90536-E","article-title":"Effects of physical training in chronic heart failure","volume":"335","author":"Coats","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.2","article-title":"Symptoms and quality of life in heart failure: the muscle hypothesis","volume":"72","author":"Coats","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Heart J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.778","article-title":"Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure","volume":"83","author":"Mancini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.24.2709","article-title":"Regular physical exercise corrects endothelial dysfunction and improves exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"98","author":"Hambrecht","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00339-3","article-title":"Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure is modified by endurance exercise training","volume":"34","author":"Braith","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00015-6","article-title":"Effects of endurance training on mitochondrial ultrastructure and fiber type distribution in skeletal muscle of patients with stable chronic heart failure","volume":"29","author":"Hambrecht","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2285","article-title":"Physical training reduces peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Adamopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70106-7","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on chronotropic incompetence in patients with heart failure","volume":"138","author":"Keteyian","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006331","article-title":"Mechanisms of chronotropic incompetence in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"13","author":"Sarma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315604311","article-title":"Predictors of exercise capacity following exercise-based rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure: a meta-regression analysis","volume":"23","author":"Uddin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.072","article-title":"Impact of exercise rehabilitation on exercise capacity and quality-of-life in heart failure: individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.37938.645220.EE","article-title":"ExTraMATCH Collaborative Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH)","volume":"328","author":"Piepoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.454","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. HF-ACTION Investigators","volume":"301","author":"O'Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.958","article-title":"Relation between volume of exercise and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure","volume":"60","author":"Keteyian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.965186","article-title":"Modest increase in peak VO2 is related to better clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure patients: results from heart failure and a controlled trial to investigate outcomes of exercise training","volume":"5","author":"Swank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.017","article-title":"Validation of exercise capacity as a surrogate endpoint in exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Ciani","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1311","article-title":"Impact of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure (ExTraMATCH II) on mortality and hospitalisation: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003331","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003331.pub5","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1332","article-title":"Exercise training in heart failure: a long way to go yet","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318815314","article-title":"Exercise training for chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH II): why all data are not equal","volume":"26","author":"Smart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000027","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2013-000027","article-title":"\u201cParacelcus\u201d rediscovered: searching for the right dose of physical training","volume":"1","author":"Schmied","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216567","article-title":"Can strenuous exercise harm the heart? Insights from a study of cardiovascular neural regulation in amateur triathletes","volume":"14","author":"Dalla Vecchia","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12225","article-title":"Exercise and heart failure: an update","volume":"5","author":"Cattadori","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312460484","article-title":"Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation, the American Association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation, and the Canadian Association of cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"20","author":"Mezzani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199566990.003.025","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation","volume-title":"The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine.","author":"Gielen","year":"2009"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150684","article-title":"Prescribing exercise interventions for patients with chronic conditions","volume":"188","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316657669","article-title":"A review of guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation exercise programmes: is there an international consensus?","volume":"23","author":"Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B36","volume-title":"Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention Programs","author":"Williams","year":"2004"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq236","article-title":"Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical activity counselling and exercise training: key components of the position paper. Position Statement 2012 American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and European Society of Cardiology Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation","volume":"31","author":"Corr\u00e0","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Canadian Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Cardiovascular Disease Protection","author":"Stone","year":"2001"},{"key":"B39","unstructured":"GibbonsRJ\n            BaladyGJ\n            BrickerJT\n            ChaitmanBR\n            FletcherGF\n            FroelicherVF\n          12392846ACC\/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing. A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing2002"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461","article-title":"AHA scientific statement. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing","volume":"116","author":"Arena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B41","first-page":"75","article-title":"Exercise prescription","volume-title":"AACVPR Cardiac Rehabilitation Resource Manual","author":"Franklin","year":"2006"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HCR.0000270696.01635.aa","article-title":"AHA\/AACVPR scientific statement. Core components of cardiac rehabilitation\/ secondary prevention programs:2007 update. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology, and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation","volume":"27","author":"Balady","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","year":""},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10262","article-title":"Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a review","volume":"324","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e544","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000544","article-title":"Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure patients according to etiology: INCARD French study","volume":"94","author":"Koukoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"644","article-title":"An overall view of physical exercise prescription and training monitoring for heart failure patients","volume":"17","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiol J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9051-0","article-title":"Principles of exercise prescription for patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Myers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.2","article-title":"A practical guide to exercise training for heart failure patients","volume":"9","author":"Smart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Card Fail."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833a9c63","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training intensity in patients with chronic heart failure: principles of assessment and prescription","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil."},{"key":"B50","first-page":"3","article-title":"The language of exercise","volume-title":"ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology","author":"Tipton","year":"2006"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312437063","article-title":"Importance of characteristics and modalities of physical activity and exercise in the management of cardiovascular health in individuals with cardiovascular disease (Part III)","volume":"19","author":"Vanhees","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675041","article-title":"Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study","volume":"115","author":"Wisl\u00f8ff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022924","article-title":"SMARTEX High-Intensity interval training in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"135","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B54","first-page":"307","article-title":"The effects of training on heart rate a longitudinal study","volume":"35","author":"Karvonen","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Med Exp Bil Fenn."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-197500740-00010","article-title":"A comparison of heart rate methods for predicting endurance training intensity","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-200105000-00007","article-title":"Accuracy of estimating exercise prescription intensity in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Strzelczyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313500214","article-title":"Programming exercise intensity in patients on beta-blocker treatment: the importance of choosing an appropriate method","volume":"21","author":"D\u00edaz-Buschmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32832914c8","article-title":"Standards for the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the functional evaluation of cardiac patients: a report from the exercise physiology section of the european association for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation","volume":"16","author":"Mezzani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1821-z","article-title":"Oxygen uptake and ratings of perceived exertion at the lactate threshold and maximal fat oxidation rate in untrained adults","volume":"111","author":"Rynders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2013.09.003","article-title":"Walking tests during the exercise training: specific use for the cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"56","author":"Casillas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-019-0180-0","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiographic exam: an useful interaction","volume":"17","author":"Santoro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm380","article-title":"How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the heart failure and echocardiography associations of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"28","author":"Paulus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315604836","article-title":"Combined exercise stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test for identification of masked heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319833512","article-title":"Impact of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and readmissions in heart failure: a population study in Lombardy, Italy, from 2005 to 2012","volume":"26","author":"Scalvini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B66","unstructured":"National Cardiac Audit Programme (NCAP)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.030","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure: JACC expert panel","volume":"77","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01482-7","article-title":"Cardiac rehab in the COVID era and beyond: mhealth and other novel opportunities","volume":"23","author":"Epstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx146","article-title":"Home-based telerehabilitation in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Bernocchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100901","article-title":"Exercise: a \u201cnew drug\u201d for elderly patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Antonicelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007130","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007130.pub4","article-title":"Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000481","article-title":"Pathophysiology of exercise Intolerance and its treatment with exercise based cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"40","author":"Tucker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-019-09841-x","article-title":"Effects of exercise training in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an updated systematic literature review","volume":"25","author":"Leggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314564729","article-title":"Effects of drug and exercise intervention on functional capacity and quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Fukuta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00904.2014","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and cardiovascular responses to exercise training in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Dieberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001615","article-title":"Exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: meta-analysis of randomized control trials","volume":"8","author":"Pandey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006798","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006798","article-title":"Multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation and long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Kamiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01564","article-title":"The effects of physical training on quality of life, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function in older patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Slimani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17145","article-title":"Adsett Frailty implications for exercise partecipants and outcome in patients with heart failure","author":"Mudge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatric Soc"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000537","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with improved physical function in frail older adults with cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.08.032","article-title":"Association between cardiac rehabilitation and frailty","volume":"36","author":"Kehler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026141","article-title":"Physical rehabilitation for older patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"385","author":"Kitzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711414624","article-title":"Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a review of current literature focusing on safety, effects of exercise training, and the psychological impact of programme participation","volume":"19","author":"Isaksen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011828","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011828.pub2","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator","volume":"2","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000389","article-title":"Exercise interventions in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Steinhaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.02.014","article-title":"The prevalence of anxiety and depression in adults with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Magyar-Russell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515114521920","article-title":"Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation improves outcome for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Findings from the COPE-ICD randomised clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32801164b3","article-title":"The effect of endurance training on exercise capacity following cardiac resynchronization therapy in chronic heart failure patients: a pilot trial","volume":"14","author":"Conraads","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.063","article-title":"Maximizing patient benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy with the addition of structured exercise training: a randomized controlled study","volume":"53","author":"Patwala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-10049-7","article-title":"Exercise rehabilitation in cardiac resynchronization: systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Grosman-Rimon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America","volume":"136","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000254","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with left ventricular assist device. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Mahfood Haddad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2011.12.006","article-title":"Mobilisation in critical care: a concept analysis","volume":"28","author":"Amidei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intens Critic Care Nurs."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130722","article-title":"Effect of early rehabilitation during intensive care unit stay on functional status: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Avila","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2011.203","article-title":"Cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation for patients with ventricular assist device. From exercise therapy to long-term therapy. Part I: exercise therapy","volume":"76","author":"Corr\u00e0","year":"2011","journal-title":"Monaldi, Arch Chest Dis."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1352","article-title":"Exercise training in patients with ventricular assist devices: a review of the evidence and practical advice. A position paper from the Committee on Exercise Physiology and Training and the Committee of Advanced Heart Failure of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"1","author":"Adamopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Failure."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2009.317","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation of patients with left ventricular assist device as \u201cdestination therapy\u201d","volume":"72","author":"Fattirolli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833c0320","article-title":"Benefits of physical training on exercise capacity, inspiratory muscle function, and quality of life in patients with ventricular assist devices long-term post implantation","volume":"18","author":"Laoutaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs206","article-title":"A multi-modal intervention in management of left ventricular assist device outpatients: dietary counselling, controlled exercise and psychosocial support","volume":"42","author":"Kugler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.02.021","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with a left ventricular assist device: a preliminary randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2012.12.003","article-title":"Functional outcomes of adults with left ventricular assist devices receiving inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2013.06.009","article-title":"Efficacy of the cardiac rehabilitation program in patients with end-stage heart failure, heart transplant patients, and left ventricular assist device recipients","volume":"45","author":"Karapolat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.06.011","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation improves functional capacity and patient-reported health status in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"2","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol HF."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.05.004","article-title":"Outcomes of acute inpatient rehabilitation of patients with left ventricular assist devices","volume":"6","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PM R."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860Y868","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000101","article-title":"Inpatient rehabilitation outcomes for patients receiving left ventricular assist device","volume":"93","author":"Reeves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314558772","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation for patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices","volume":"22","author":"Marko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026000","article-title":"Physical activity guided by pulse pressure in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices. A pilot study","volume":"135","author":"Haufe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.05.013","article-title":"Efficacy of inpatient rehabilitation after left ventricular assist device implantation","volume":"9","author":"Yost","year":"2017","journal-title":"PMR."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185717","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185717","article-title":"End-stage heart failure: two surgical approaches with different rehabilitative outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Racca","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.11.002","article-title":"Association of cardiac rehabilitation with decreased hospitalizations and mortality after ventricular assist device implantation","volume":"6","author":"Bachmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol HF."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174323","article-title":"Supervised exercise training versus usual care in ambulatory patients with left ventricular assist devices: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Ganga","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B112","unstructured":"Chronic Heart Failure in Adults: Diagnosis and Management NICE Guideline [NG106]"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709898\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1628041217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709898\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.709898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"article-number":"709898"}}