{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:12:37Z","timestamp":1787026357225,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aimed to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes of a single center using a frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure for chronic type B or non-A non-B aortic dissection.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    From February 2009 to December 2019, 79 patients diagnosed with chronic type B or non-A non-B aortic dissection who underwent the FET procedure were included in the present study. We analyzed operation mortality and early and long-term outcomes, including complications, survival and interventions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The operation mortality rate was 5.1% (4\/79). Spinal cord injury occurred in 3.8% (3\/79), stroke in 2.5% (2\/79), and acute renal failure in 5.1% (4\/79). The median follow-up time was 53 months. The overall survival rates were 96.2, 92.3, 88.0, 79.8, and 76.2% at 1\/2, 1, 3, 5 and 7 years, respectively. Moreover, 79.3% of patients did not require distal aortic reintervention at 7 years. The overall survival in the subacute group was superior to that in the chronic group (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.047).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The FET technique is a safe and feasible approach for treating chronic type B and non-A non-B aortic dissection in patients who have contraindications for primary endovascular aortic repair. The technique combines the advantages of both open surgical repair and endovascular intervention, providing comparable early and long-term follow-up outcomes and freedom from reintervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.714638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:30:05Z","timestamp":1631579405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early and Long-Term Follow-Up for Chronic Type B and Type Non-A Non-B Aortic Dissection Using the Frozen Elephant Trunk Technique"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Congcong","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruidong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rutao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipeng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu281","article-title":"2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases of the European society of cardiology (ESC)","volume":"35","author":"Erbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.015","article-title":"2010 ACCF\/AHA\/AATS\/ACR\/ASA\/SCA\/SCAI\/SIR\/STS\/SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease. A Report of the American college of cardiology foundation\/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, American association for thoracic surgery, American college of radiology, American stroke association, Society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society of interventional radiology, society of thoracic surgeons, and society for vascular medicine","volume":"55","author":"Hiratzka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezv085","article-title":"Current status and recommendations for use of the frozen elephant trunk technique: a position paper by the Vascular Domain of EACTS","volume":"47","author":"Shrestha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.04.044","article-title":"Midterm results of endovascular treatment of complicated acute type B aortic dissection","volume":"138","author":"Khoynezhad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy313","article-title":"Current options and recommendations for the treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the aortic arch: an expert consensus document of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic surgery (EACTS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"55","author":"Czerny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.09.016","article-title":"Editor's choice - current options and recommendations for the treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the aortic arch: an expert consensus document of the European association for cardio-thoracic surgery (EACTS) & the European society for vascular surgery (ESVS)","volume":"57","author":"Czerny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5223(03)00045-x","article-title":"The frozen elephant trunk technique: a new treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms","volume":"125","author":"Karck","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-018-0911-4","article-title":"Is the frozen elephant trunk frozen?","volume":"67","author":"Di Bartolomeo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx281","article-title":"The frozen elephant trunk technique for the treatment of acute complicated Type B aortic dissection","volume":"53","author":"Kreibich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.08.040","article-title":"The frozen elephant trunk technique for the treatment of type B and type non-A non-B aortic dissection","volume":"61","author":"Kreibich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz145","article-title":"Standards of reporting in open and endovascular aortic surgery (STORAGE guidelines)","volume":"56","author":"Rylski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.02.041","article-title":"Is total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation justified for patients with chronic Stanford type A aortic dissection?","volume":"138","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015081","article-title":"Total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation: a new \u201cstandard\u201d therapy for type a dissection involving repair of the aortic arch?","volume":"123","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.08.140","article-title":"Frozen elephant trunk with modified en bloc arch reconstruction and left subclavian transposition for chronic type A dissection","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.03.002","article-title":"Surgery for acute type A dissection using total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation: Preservation of autologous brachiocephalic vessels","volume":"150","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478314","article-title":"The decomposition of time-varying hazard into phases, each incorporating a separate stream of concomitant information","volume":"81","author":"Blackstone","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7117","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-2338","article-title":"One-stage hybrid procedure for distal aortic arch disease: mid-term experience at a single center","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004649","article-title":"Retrograde type A aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.04.047","article-title":"Retrograde type A dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection","volume":"69","author":"Yammine","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz348","article-title":"Follow-up outcomes after the frozen elephant trunk technique in chronic type B dissection","volume":"57","author":"Charchyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.03.048","article-title":"Repair of chronic type B dissection with aortic arch involvement using a stented elephant trunk procedure","volume":"90","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.oa01030","article-title":"Recent outcomes of surgery for chronic type B aortic dissection","volume":"3","author":"Takagi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Dis."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt291","article-title":"Optimal treatment for patients with chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection: endovascularly, surgically or both?","volume":"44","author":"Nozdrzykowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu067","article-title":"The frozen elephant trunk technique for the treatment of complicated type B aortic dissection with involvement of the aortic arch: multicentre early experience","volume":"47","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2020.03.10","article-title":"Is the frozen elephant trunk technique justified for chronic type A aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome?","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.10.031","article-title":"Neurologic complications after the frozen elephant trunk procedure: A meta-analysis of more than 3000 patients","volume":"160","author":"Preventza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.11.056","article-title":"Type A aortic dissection with arch entry tear: Surgical experience in 104 patients over a 12-year period","volume":"151","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2225-319X.2013.09.07","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety and efficacy of the frozen elephant trunk technique in aortic arch surgery","volume":"2","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.12.020","article-title":"Aortic arch reconstructive surgery with conventional techniques vs frozen elephant trunk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Hanif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx465","article-title":"Stroke after emergent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection: predictors, outcome and neurological recovery","volume":"53","author":"Dumfarth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz351","article-title":"Computed tomography angiography findings predict the risk factors for preoperative acute ischaemic stroke in patients with acute type A aortic dissection","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu141","article-title":"New indicator of postoperative delayed awakening after total aortic arch replacement","volume":"47","author":"Shirasaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.03.057","article-title":"Can renal resistive index predict acute kidney injury after acute type a aortic dissection repair?","volume":"104","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.714638\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:30:10Z","timestamp":1631579410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.714638\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2021.714638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.714638","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"article-number":"714638"}}