{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:23:48Z","timestamp":1791041028315,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This story is about the invention of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and the people who transformed it from a concept and primitive device to a breakthrough lifesaving treatment for hundreds of thousands of patients with aortic valve stenosis. It is an inspirational example of a new disruptive technology that began with an idea most dismissed. The story describes the ups and downs from idea, design, construction, animal testing, proof-of-concept, scientific publication hurdles, a patent, license agreement, cooperation with several companies, fighting in patent courts in Europe and USA and finally how multinational companies financially bypassed the inventor. It is also a story about the struggles and battles the inventor experienced when injected into a world of lawyers and patent fights. I hope my personal story and journey can provide an inspiration and word of caution for new inventors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.722693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T06:38:23Z","timestamp":1632897503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["How Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) Was Born: The Struggle for a New Invention"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Henning Rud","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The surgical correction of aortic regurgitation","volume":"6","author":"Hufnagel","year":"1953","journal-title":"Prelim Rep Bull Georgetown Univ Center."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Surgical correction of aortic insufficiency","volume":"35","author":"Hufnagel","year":"1954","journal-title":"Surgery."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060238","article-title":"Transluminal implantation of artificial heart valves. 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